COVID-19-associated pancytopenia and typhlitis

Abstract

Neutropenic enterocolitis is also known as typhlitis, is characterized by severe inflammation in the bowel loops. It is often seen in immunosuppressed patients, and it has high morbidity and mortality. Although the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily affects the respiratory system and causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), it may affect hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems. Herein, we present a rare case of COVID-19-associated pancytopenia and typhlitis in a 60-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the bowel wall thickening in the cecum and ascending colon compatible with enterocolitis. Moreover, the chest CT showed bilateral, peripheral, and multifocal ground-glass opacities, consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. We also aimed to emphasize the laboratory, clinical, and CT findings of the patient.

Myelodysplastic syndrome in a case of new‐onset pancytopenia

“…The proposed mechanism of action in this case is a dysregulation of CD8 T‐cells via increased interferon‐gamma from monocytes. 19 , 20 Cases of aplastic anemia have been reported in individuals who developed COVID‐19, 21 but cases of pancytopenia have been reported in individuals who have received any of the available COVID‐19 vaccines including an mRNA vaccine. Currently, little to no information is known regarding the possible effects of the vaccine.…”

Pancytopenia in pregnant patients with COVID-19 infection and vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report study

“…Lymphopenia is a common laboratory finding in COVID-19 infected patients, and it usually correlates with disease severity; however, pancytopenia is a relatively rarer manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Most cases of SARS-Cov-2 induced pancytopenia are reported in immunocompromised patients [5,6,7]. Issa et al [5] reported persistent pancytopenia in an immunocompromised patient who had severe COVID-19 infection with cytokine storm.…”

“…Hershby et al [6] reported a similar patient with covid induced pancytopenia, but he had a milder clinical course, and bone marrow aspirate was negative for COVID-19 virus Pancytopenia also resolved as soon as symptoms of COVID-19 subsided. Ufuk et al [7] reported a "rare case" of pancytopenia and typhlitis (neutropenic enterocolitis) in a diabetic old age female case of COVID-19. Bridwell et al [8] presented a case of covid induced pancytopenia in an immunocompetent patient with no known risk factors, who eventually developed multiple organ failure [8].…”

Imaging of Hematological Patients in the Era of COVID-19

“…Of course, similar infections are seen in patients with hematological malignancies, and such an overlap should be taken into account when encountering these patients. Typhlitis, a life-threatening necrotizing enterocolitis usually described in neutropenic patient, was also described in a patient without prior hematological malignancy with COVID-19-associated pancytopenia [ 53 ].…”