Coverage protocols for wireless sensor networks: Review and future directions

Elhabyan, Riham S.; Shi, Wei; St-Hilaire, Marc

doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000005

Cited by 176 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…At the same time, the attainment of the maximum possible coverage of the network field for a given number of sensor nodes is anticipated. For these reasons, methodologies that pursue coverage maximization in two dimensions [174,175], three dimensions [176], or in conjunction with connectivity preservation are proposed [177][178][179].…”

Section: Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

2020

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are among the most emerging technologies, thanks to their great capabilities and their ever growing range of applications. However, the lifetime of WSNs is extremely restricted due to the delimited energy capacity of their sensor nodes. This is why energy conservation is considered as the most important research concern for WSNs. Radio communication is the utmost energy consuming function in a WSN. Thus, energy efficient routing is necessitated to save energy and thus prolong the lifetime of WSNs. For this reason, numerous protocols for energy efficient routing in WSNs have been proposed. This article offers an analytical and up to date survey on the protocols of this kind. The classic and modern protocols presented are categorized, depending on i) how the network is structured, ii) how data are exchanged, iii) whether location information is or not used, and iv) whether Quality of Service (QoS) or multiple paths are or not supported. In each distinct category, protocols are both described and compared in terms of specific performance metrics, while their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the study findings are discussed, concluding remarks are drawn, and open research issues are indicated.

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Section: Open Research Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

2020

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“…Another direction for future research is to measure barrier coverage using a nonlinear model of sensor deterioration over distance (e.g., the Elfes sensing model, see ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Open Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum shared‐power edge cut

et al. 2020

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We introduce a problem called minimum shared‐power edge cut (MSPEC). The input to the problem is an undirected edge‐weighted graph with distinguished vertices s and t, and the goal is to find an s‐t cut by assigning “powers” at the vertices and removing an edge if the sum of the powers at its endpoints is at least its weight. The objective is to minimize the sum of the assigned powers. MSPEC is a graph generalization of a barrier coverage problem in a wireless sensor network: given a set of unit disks with centers in a rectangle, what is the minimum total amount by which we must shrink the disks to permit an intruder to cross the rectangle undetected, that is, without entering any disk. This is a more sophisticated measure of barrier coverage than the minimum number of disks whose removal breaks the barrier. We develop a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for MSPEC. We give polynomial time algorithms for the special cases where the edge weights are uniform, or the power values are restricted to a bounded set. Although MSPEC is related to network flow and matching problems, its computational complexity (in P or NP‐hard) remains open.

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“…We separate the common and data channel to isolate image download process of a certain e-tag from connection management of all other tags. Lastly, a gateway is wall-powered so that there is no energy constraint, and it is usually attached to the ceiling to maximize its coverage [19], as shown in FIGURE 1.…”

Section: B Main Hardware Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Power Wireless With Denseness: The Case of an Electronic Shelf Labeling System—Design and Experience

Ock

Kim

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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One of the most important and recurrent tasks in managing a store is to provide accurate information of products to customers by maintaining up-to-date price tags of every item. Till today, however, updating price tags is done manually in most markets, which is labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. Adopting wirelessly reconfigurable electronic price tags could be of significant benefit to this problem. A key requirement of such a system, then, is to establish a robust, reliable, and scalable wireless communication network while spending minimal energy on thousands of densely-deployed and battery-powered price tags. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of electronic shelf labeling (ESL) system including its design and real-world deployment experiences. While the overall design turns out to be relatively straightforward, our preliminary study using 1000 real commercial e-tags reveals technical challenges in reliable and low-power wireless communication with ultra-high node density in scatter-rich indoor environments. To address the problem, we adopt multi-radio and multi-channel diversity techniques which need to modify only the gateways but significantly improve overall system performance. Our evaluation from a real-world deployment of 550 tags at an actual convenience store shows that our proposal achieves 98.51% network connectivity, 590 ms average latency for price updates, and over 5 years of e-tag lifetime. ESL system is part of the upcoming smart market era, and we see this work as a practical industrial application case study of Internet of Things technologies.

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Coverage protocols for wireless sensor networks: Review and future directions

Cited by 176 publications

References 96 publications

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Comprehensive Survey

Minimum shared‐power edge cut

Low-Power Wireless With Denseness: The Case of an Electronic Shelf Labeling System—Design and Experience

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