The coverage problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be generally defined as a measure of how effectively a network field is monitored by its sensor nodes. This problem has attracted a lot of interest over the years and as a result, many coverage protocols were proposed. In this survey, we first propose a taxonomy for classifying coverage protocols in WSNs. Then, we classify the coverage protocols into three categories (i.e. coverageaware deployment protocols, sleep scheduling protocols for flat networks, and cluster-based sleep scheduling protocols) based on the network stage where the coverage is optimized. For each category, relevant protocols are thoroughly reviewed and classified based on the adopted coverage techniques. Finally, we discuss open issues (and recommend future directions to resolve them) associated with the design of realistic coverage protocols. Issues such as realistic sensing models, realistic energy consumption models, realistic connectivity models and sensor localization are covered.
In this letter, we propose a mathematical model for the controller placement problem in Software Defined Networks (SDN). More precisely, given a set of switches that must be managed by the controller(s), the model simultaneously determines the optimal number, location, and type of controller(s) as well as the interconnections between all the network elements. The goal of the model is to minimize the cost of the network while considering different constraints. The simulation results show that the model can be used to plan small scale SDN. When trying to solve larger instances of the problem, the solver is taking too much time and also running out of memory. The proposed model could be used by various enterprises and cloud-based networks to start integrating SDN or plan a new SDN.
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