Corn Responses to Chloride in Maximum Yield Research

Abstract

Chloride nutrition of corn (Zea mays L.) was investigated to determine if Cl limits production in high‐yield environments. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Cl fertilization on a Freehold sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludults) near Adelphia, NJ, using irrigation and intensive crop production practices. Corn was grown at 107 600 plant ha−1 with equidistant spacing. All plots received 454 kg K ha−1 using KOH, K2SO4, or KCl to establish five treatments: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg Cl ha−1. Positive responses of corn to added Cl were observed each year. In 1990, the Cl treatments averaged 1.1 Mg ha−1 more grain than the check yield of 11.3 Mg ha−1 (P = 0.08). In 1991, the check yield was 19.0 Mg ha−1 and the response to Cl was linear up to the 400 kg ha−1 rate, which yielded 20.5 Mg ha−1. In 1992, the Cl treatments averaged 0.5 Mg ha−1 more grain than the check yield of 14.5 Mg ha−1 (P = 0.07). Grain yields were positively correlated with increases in ear‐leaf Cl concentration. Increases in grain yield were associated with increased ear size. Chloride did not increase stover yield. A linear decrease in incidence of stalk rot with Cl rate was observed in 1992. Results suggest that, when produced in high‐yield environments, corn may respond to enhanced levels of Cl nutrition.

Effect of Saline Environment on Yield and Smut Disease Severity of Different Corn Genotypes (Zea mays L.)

“…Reported data on Cl-disease-interaction are not consistent. Results documented on corn (Heckman, 1995) showed that Cl fertilization was beneficial for sustaining higher yield potential and suppressing stalk rot severity. The role of Cl on controlling disease reaction was found to have an inhibitory effect in take-all root rot, induced by Gaeumannomyces graminis var.…”

“…The linkage between the response of crops grown under salt-stressed conditions and disease reaction has not received great attention from research workers. The available literature cited on this topic is only centered on the effect of CI fertilization on disease susceptibility in com (Heckman, 1995), barley (Grey and Mathre, 1988) and wheat (Engle and Grey, 1991), Except for the experimental data reported by Kostandi and Sohman (1993), the results documented on corn-smut disease [Ustilago maydis (DC), Corda] interaction is also limited. Therefore, this study was initiated to evaluate the differential response of divergent com genotypes to smut disease reaction in relation to salt tolerance and to provide further details on the role of plant C!…”

DESINFESTAÇÃO E MEIO DE CULTURA PARA O ESTABELECIMENTO In Vitro DE SEGMENTOS NODAIS DE Liquidambar styraciflua

“…Sabe-se que o cloro (Cl) é um elemento essencial ao desenvolvimento vegetal, atuando na fotossíntese (TAIZ; ZEIGER, 2004), bem como podendo afetar o potencial osmótico da planta (HECKMAN, 1995). Contudo os efeitos benéficos e modo de ação do NaOCl no cultivo in vitro de vegetais não estão bem elucidados, sendo foco para futuros estudos a serem desenvolvidos.…”

The Role of Calcium in Mediating Smut Disease Severity and Salt Tolerance in Corn under Chloride and Sulphate Salinity

“…Corda, was markedly reduced under salt-stressed conditions, but the effects were relatively small in highly susceptible and resistant corn cuitivars and very substantial in the moderately susceptible ones. Results documented on cloride-disease interaction are inconsistent, varying from a positive response (Heckman, 1995;Sturz and Bemier, 1989) to negative or no effects (Enge! and Grey, 1991).…”