The Role of Calcium in Mediating Smut Disease Severity and Salt Tolerance in Corn under Chloride and Sulphate Salinity

Kostandi, S. F.; Soliman, M. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04678.x

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Calcium is another interesting nutrient in relation to silks. Calcium improves grain yield and improves resistance of maize to Corn Smut under saline conditions [102]. When pollen hydration and germination occur, calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) levels in the silk trichomes (hairs) increase in a matter of seconds, and an electrical signal is propagated to the ovule [103].…”

Section: Strategies To Protect Silks From Ear Rot Pathogens—currenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens of Maize Gaining Free Passage Along the Silk Road

Thompson

Raizada

2018

Pathogens

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Silks are the long threads at the tips of maize ears onto which pollen land and sperm nuclei travel long distances to fertilize egg cells, giving rise to embryos and seeds; however fungal pathogens also use this route to invade developing grain, causing damaging ear rots with dangerous mycotoxins. This review highlights the importance of silks as the direct highways by which globally important fungal pathogens enter maize kernels. First, the most important silk-entering fungal pathogens in maize are reviewed, including Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium verticillioides, and Aspergillus flavus, and their mycotoxins. Next, we compare the different modes used by each fungal pathogen to invade the silks, including susceptible time intervals and the effects of pollination. Innate silk defences and current strategies to protect silks from ear rot pathogens are reviewed, and future protective strategies and silk-based research are proposed. There is a particular gap in knowledge of how to improve silk health and defences around the time of pollination, and a need for protective silk sprays or other technologies. It is hoped that this review will stimulate innovations in breeding, inputs, and techniques to help growers protect silks, which are expected to become more vulnerable to pathogens due to climate change.

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Section: Strategies To Protect Silks From Ear Rot Pathogens—currenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Pathogens of Maize Gaining Free Passage Along the Silk Road

Thompson

Raizada

2018

Pathogens

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“…With salinity level at the same electrolyte concentration, SO 4 2caused more injuries than Clin barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Datta et al, 1994(Datta et al, , 1995 while Clsuppressed the growth more than SO 4 2in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Zahoor et al, 2007), rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Minhas et al, 2007), and corn (Zea mays L.) (Kostandi and Soliman, 1998). With salinity level at the same electrolyte concentration, SO 4 2caused more injuries than Clin barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Datta et al, 1994(Datta et al, , 1995 while Clsuppressed the growth more than SO 4 2in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Zahoor et al, 2007), rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Minhas et al, 2007), and corn (Zea mays L.) (Kostandi and Soliman, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different effects by SO 4 2and Clhave been reported in various crops. With salinity level at the same electrolyte concentration, SO 4 2caused more injuries than Clin barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Datta et al, 1994(Datta et al, , 1995 while Clsuppressed the growth more than SO 4 2in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Zahoor et al, 2007), rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Minhas et al, 2007), and corn (Zea mays L.) (Kostandi and Soliman, 1998). At same molar concentration, different salts may vary in osmotic potential, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Responses of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars to Carbonate, Chloride, and Sulfate Salinity

Qiao

Chang

2013

Crop Science

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Evaluation of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) salt tolerance often showed inconsistent results. The objective of this study was to investigate the reactions of ‘Seaside II’ and ‘T‐1’ to NaCl, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, and CaCl2, each at concentrations of 0, 25, 75, 125, 175, and 225 mM. Chlorophyll a (Chla) content was the lowest in the CaCl2 treatment followed by Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 and highest in NaCl whereas chlorophyll b (Chlb) content was lowest in Na2CO3 followed by CaCl2 and Na2SO4 and highest in NaCl. Turfgrass visual quality and green density were reduced the most by the Na2CO3 and CaCl2 treatments. Evapotranspiration (ET) decreased in the order of treatments CaCl2, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaCl at 1 wk after treatment (WAT), but at 4 WAT there were no difference among CaCl2, Na2SO4, and Na2CO3. Significant salt type × concentration interaction existed, and the first order or second order coefficient of regression equation ranked the changing rate of physiological parameters differently in different salts. Leaf K+:Na+ ratio was affected differently by salts and a threshold of 1 appeared at different salt concentrations depending on salt types and cultivars. The pH, osmotic potential, and electrical conductivity of salt solutions were confounded making the interpretation of mechanisms of physiological stress difficult. Nevertheless, this study showed that different salts rank creeping bentgrass salt tolerance differently.

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“…El-Mougy and Abdel Kader (2009) reported that sodium bicarbonate or calcium chloride significantly reduced the early blight incidence and severity of tomato plants in pot experiments under artificial infestation with pathogenic fungus. Kostandi and Soliman (1998) stated that the effect of saline irrigation containing NaCl or Na 2 SO 4 reduced the smut occurrence by 22.7% & 10.8% respectively. The salinity resulted in soil suppressiveness to F. oxysporum a fungal agent of vascular wilt disease through reduced germination of conidia and mycelial growth (Amir et.al., 1996).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Salts On the Mycelial Growth Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungitoxic effect of inorganic salts for the management of seed borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium sp. causing charcoal rot and wilt disease in blackgram

Indra¹,

Kauvyashree²,

Swetha³

et al. 2019

IJARe

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The laboratory experiments were carried out to study the effect of different salts viz., potassium chloride (KCl), potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and ammonium molybdate (NH4)6 Mo7O24) on seed borne M. phaseolina and Fusarium sp. as an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of charcoal rot and wilt diseases in blackgram. The evaluation of different salts was performed in vitro using various concentrations viz., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 per cent (w/v). Among the salts tested against M. phaseolina, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium molybdate at 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 per cent respectively inhibited the fungal growth. Among the salts tested against Fusarium sp. sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at 4.0 per cent concentration recorded complete inhibition of the mycelial growth compared to the other salts. Also seed priming of these salts significantly reduced the seed borne infection due to M. phaseolina and Fusarium sp. under standard blotter test. The salts like potassium chloride and potassium phosphate dibasic (K2HPO4) at all concentrations did not inhibit M. phaseolina and Fusarium sp. which recorded 100 per cent mycelial growth as that of control.

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The Role of Calcium in Mediating Smut Disease Severity and Salt Tolerance in Corn under Chloride and Sulphate Salinity

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Fungal Pathogens of Maize Gaining Free Passage Along the Silk Road

Fungal Pathogens of Maize Gaining Free Passage Along the Silk Road

Physiological Responses of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars to Carbonate, Chloride, and Sulfate Salinity

Fungitoxic effect of inorganic salts for the management of seed borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium sp. causing charcoal rot and wilt disease in blackgram

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