Controlling Directional Liquid Motion on Micro- and Nanocrystalline Diamond/β-SiC Composite Gradient Films

Abstract

In this Article, we report the synthesis of micro-and nanocrystalline diamond/β-SiC composite gradient films, using a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique and its application as a robust and chemically inert means to actuate water and hazardous liquids. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, the composition of the surface changed gradually from pure nanocrystalline diamond (hydrophobic) to a nanocrystalline β-SiC surface (hydrophilic). Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed to determine the presence of diamond, graphite, and β-SiC phases. The as-prepared gradient films were evaluated for their ability to actuate water. Indeed, water was transported via the gradient from the hydrophobic (hydrogenterminated diamond) to the hydrophilic side (hydroxyl-terminated β-SiC) of the gradient surface. The driving distance and velocity of water is pivotally influenced by the surface roughness. The nanogradient surface showed significant promise as the lower roughness combined with the longer gradient yields in transport distances of up to 3.7 mm, with a maximum droplet velocity of nearly 250 mm/s measured by a highspeed camera. As diamond and β-SiC are chemically inert, the gradient surfaces can be used to drive hazardous liquids and reactive mixtures, which was signified by the actuation of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution. We envision that the diamond/β-SiC gradient surface has high potential as an actuator for water transport in microfluidic devices, DNA sensors, and implants, which induce guided cell growth.

A Review CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION : PROCESS AND APPLICATION

“…Pengendapan uap polimer dan substrat Pengendapan uap polimer telah membuka pintu ke berbagai bahan yang akan sulit, dan dalam beberapa kasus dan tidak mungkin, untuk diproduksi dengan cara lain. Sebagai contoh, banyak polimer yang bermanfaat, seperti bahan penumpahan air untuk melindungi komponen industri atau implan biologis, dibuat dari prekursor yang tidak dapat larut, sehingga tidak dapat diproduksi menggunakan metode berbasis solusi konvensional (90)(91)(92)(93). Pekerjaan Gleason pada CVD berbasis polimer dimulai pada 1990-an, ketika dia melakukan eksperimen dengan Teflon, senyawa klorin dan fluor.…”

Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructured Diamond Gradient Surface for Controlled Water Transport and Fog Collection

“…The key for directional liquid motion is the creation of a force imbalance. This imbalance can be generated by surface tension, [ 8 ] magnetic field, [ 9 ] light, [ 10 ] surface charge, [ 11 ] Laplace pressure, [ 12 ] and other physical and chemical effects. The surface tension force is particularly attractive because no external energy is required, and facile methods can be established to create surface free energy gradients.…”

“…Inorganic nanoparticles, [ 22,23 ] graphene, [ 24 ] carbon nanotube, [ 25,26 ] and diamond coatings [ 27 ] were introduced into this research field to address these issues. Diamond is a promising candidate as it offers plenty of outstanding properties, such as high thermal conductivity, [ 28–31 ] excellent wear resistance, [ 8,32 ] chemical inertness, [ 33,34 ] corrosion resistance, [ 35 ] quantum photonic, [ 36 ] and good biocompatibility. [ 8,37–40 ] It is possible to tailor the microstructure of the diamond coatings.…”

“…Diamond is a promising candidate as it offers plenty of outstanding properties, such as high thermal conductivity, [ 28–31 ] excellent wear resistance, [ 8,32 ] chemical inertness, [ 33,34 ] corrosion resistance, [ 35 ] quantum photonic, [ 36 ] and good biocompatibility. [ 8,37–40 ] It is possible to tailor the microstructure of the diamond coatings. [ 41–43 ] However, it is challenging to synthesize gradient films based on these materials with large wettability amplitude and controlled length.…”

Multimaterial 3D Printing for Arbitrary Distribution with Nanoscale Resolution

“…In addition, without an effective and precise controlling strategy of position of multiple materials, the state-of-the-art 3D printing technology still faces enormous challenges to achieve real printing of multiple materials for arbitrary distribution [22,23,24,25,26,27,28]. The study of 3D printing has been stagnating at the primary stage of controlling object shape for a long time [6] and a serious breakthrough is needed for the senior stage of programming internal compositions [29], despite some achievements such as the printing with hybrid multimaterials [22], printing via multiple nozzles with different materials [23,30], simple and imprecise controlling of compositions by the assisted physical morphology [24,25,26], magnetism [27], chemical reaction [28], etc. Three-dimensional printing of multiple materials with nano-resolution can create further applications in micro- and nano-scale multifuctional device [31,32] and high-level biological tissues [33].…”