Tough hydrogels, polymeric network structures with excellent mechanical properties (such as high stretchability and toughness), are emerging soft materials. Despite their remarkably mechanical features, tough hydrogels exhibit two flaws (freezing around the icing temperatures of water and drying under arid conditions). Inspired by cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in the inhibition of the icing of water in biological samples, a versatile and straightforward method is reported to fabricate extreme anti-freezing, non-drying CPA-based organohydrogels with long-term stability by partially displacing water molecules within the pre-fabricated hydrogels. CPA-based Ca-alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) tough hydrogels were successfully fabricated with glycerol, glycol, and sorbitol. The CPA-based organohydrogels remain unfrozen and mechanically flexible even up to -70 °C and are stable under ambient conditions or even vacuum.

As one of the most outstanding materials, the analysis of structure and function of hydrogels have been extensively carried out to tailor and adapt them to various fields of application....

Transient electronics, arising electronic devices with dissolvable or degradable features on demand, is still at an early stage of development due to the limited choices of materials and strategies. Herein, a facile fabrication method for transient circuits by the combination of room-temperature liquid metals (RTLMs) as the electronic circuit and water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the packaging material is reported. The as-made transient circuits exhibit remarkable durability and stable electric performance upon bending and twisting, while possessing short transience times, owing to the excellent solubility of PVA substrates and the intrinsic flexibility of RTLM patterns. Moreover, the RTLM-based transient circuit shows an extremely high recycling efficiency, up to 96% of the employed RTLM can be recovered. As such, the economic and environmental viability of transient electronics increases substantially. To validate this concept, the surface patterning of RTLMs with complicated shapes is demonstrated, and a transient antenna is subsequently applied for passive near-field communication tag and a transient capacitive touch sensor. The application of the RTLM-based transient circuit for sequentially turning off an array of light-emitting-diode lamps is also demonstrated. The present RTLM-based PVA-encapsulated circuits substantially expand the scope of transient electronics toward flexible and recyclable transient systems.

Polydimethylsiloxane-based sponges have emerged with diverse applications in energy, environmental engineering, electronics, sensors, photocatalysis, etc.

Tough hydrogels, polymeric network structures with excellent mechanical properties (such as high stretchability and toughness), are emerging soft materials. Despite their remarkably mechanical features, tough hydrogels exhibit two flaws (freezing around the icing temperatures of water and drying under arid conditions). Inspired by cryoprotectants (CPAs) used in the inhibition of the icing of water in biological samples, a versatile and straightforward method is reported to fabricate extreme anti‐freezing, non‐drying CPA‐based organohydrogels with long‐term stability by partially displacing water molecules within the pre‐fabricated hydrogels. CPA‐based Ca‐alginate/polyacrylamide (PAAm) tough hydrogels were successfully fabricated with glycerol, glycol, and sorbitol. The CPA‐based organohydrogels remain unfrozen and mechanically flexible even up to −70 °C and are stable under ambient conditions or even vacuum.