Contradictions of the ‘New Green Revolution’: A View from South America's Southern Cone

Richards, Donald G.

doi:10.1080/14747731.2010.505025

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…While the figures presented in Rao and Dev might well have changed since 2005, it can be noted that many articles in the review point out that agricultural policies and regulations surrounding GM crops have a significant influence on whether and how different farmers might benefit from GM crop adoption (e.g., [44,56,64]). The fact that Argentina provides such a negative institutional environment for farmers with regard to GM crops may explain why all studies (6 in total) addressing distributional aspects in Argentina concluded that adoption of GM crops have led to increased inequality in the Argentinean agricultural sector [51,[65][66][67][68][69].…”

Section: How Are Different Social Impacts Addressed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While other impact groups were rarely addressed in isolation (Table 3), the majority of studies only addressed impacts from one to two different groups. Only 40 of the publications addressed impacts from three or more groups and only seven of 99 publications [45,[47][48][49][50][51][52] addressed aspects from all five impact groups. However, all but one of these seven publications either addressed the impacts from a specific perspective, e.g., that of the Millennium Development Goals [49] or in relation to regulatory aspects [48], or relating to a specific geographical region, crop or modification.…”

Section: Range Of Social Impacts Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2015

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It has recently been argued that the fragmented knowledge on the social impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops is contributing to the polarised debate on the matter. This paper addresses this issue by systematically reviewing 99 peer-reviewed journal articles published since 2004 on the social impacts of GM crops in agriculture; summarising current knowledge, and identifying research gaps. Economic impact studies currently dominate the literature and mainly report that GM crops provide economic benefits for farmers. Other social impacts are less well studied, but present a more complex picture. Studies on access to and benefits of GM crops show that these vary significantly depending on the political and regulatory setting. Substantial evidence indicates that intellectual property rights (IPR) and the private industry's dominance limit the access and utility of available GM crops to many farmers. Wellbeing is frequently discussed in the literature, but rarely investigated empirically. Existing evidence is contradictory and inconclusive. Impact studies from the Global North are virtually non-existent. Moreover, OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 8599 two-thirds of publications are based on previously published empirical evidence, indicating a need for new empirical investigations into the social impacts of GM crops in agriculture.

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Section: How Are Different Social Impacts Addressed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Range Of Social Impacts Addressedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Impacts of GM Crops in Agriculture: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2015

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“…A la vez, tradicionalmente constituye la principal fuente de divisas (Fletchner y Zepeda 2002). La soja y sus derivados constituyen por sí solos entre el 10 y el 15% del PBI total del Paraguay y casi el 50% de las exportaciones (Richards 2010, Da Costa et al 2011. A la vez, la economía paraguaya, pero fundamentalmente el PBI agropecuario, ha crecido fuertemente en la última década, con un impasse debido a la crisis económica internacional del 2008 (Pérez y Sili 2007, Abente 2012.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusión Dinámicas Productivas Pobreza Y Exteunclassified

“…A la vez, la economía paraguaya, pero fundamentalmente el PBI agropecuario, ha crecido fuertemente en la última década, con un impasse debido a la crisis económica internacional del 2008 (Pérez y Sili 2007, Abente 2012. Esto resulta particularmente importante en un país que posee cerca de la mitad de su población en zonas rurales (Ekboir et al 2003, Thornton 2006) y cuyos habitantes dependen fuertemente de la agricultura (Fletchner y Zepeda 2002, Richards 2010. De hecho, Paraguay se encuentra entre los países sudamericanos con mayores niveles de pobreza (Stads y Santander 2008).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusión Dinámicas Productivas Pobreza Y Exteunclassified

“…Como señala Centurión (2011), "en la región en donde la tasa de expansión de la soja ha sido más intensa es mayor también la agudización de la pobreza". Por un lado, la expansión de la soja ha generado una disminución del empleo agrícola, dada la escasa mano de obra requerida para la producción de esta oleaginosa, así como una disminución de cultivos alternativos que poseen una alta demanda de mano de obra como es el caso del algodón (Pérez y Sili 2007, Richards 2010. Por otro lado, la expansión de este cultivo ha incrementado la conflictividad relativa a la propiedad de la tierra, debido a la creciente presión sobre territorios ocupados tradicionalmente por poblaciones campesinas (Abramson 2009).…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusión Dinámicas Productivas Pobreza Y Exteunclassified

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Rural extension in Paraguay: Problems and conceptions of extension analysis

Landini

2015

Investig. Agrar.

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RESUMENEl artículo presenta una investigación que tuvo por objetivo analizar los problemas y concepciones de extensión de los agentes de la Dirección de Extensión Agraria (DEAg) del Paraguay desde su propio punto de vista. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia de los servicios de extensión en los procesos de desarrollo rural y los elevados índices de pobreza rural de Paraguay, se destaca el interés de la investigación realizada. Es dable mencionar que con el advenimiento del neoliberalismo económico en los 80 y 90, los servicios de extensión a nivel del MERCOSUR se redujeron a su mínima expresión, observándose en los últimos tiempos un resurgir de la extensión pública en diversos países de la región. A nivel metodológico, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la temática y se encuestó a 26 extensionistas que trabajan en la DEAg. Los resultados de las encuestas fueron categorizados siguiendo los lineamientos de la Teoría Fundamentada. Se identificaron como los principales problemas percibidos el bajo nivel educativo del productor, la adopción de actitudes pasivas y asistencialistas, la escasa apropiación de proyectos de extensión, el uso de tecnologías inapropiadas y la dificultad para el asociativismo. Varios de estos problemas, como la escasa participación en proyectos y la adopción de posicionamientos pasivos, se relacionan con una concepción difusionista de la extensión, la cual pone a los beneficiarios en un lugar subordinado, limitando sus dinamismos y sus posibilidades de influir en el diseño de los proyectos para que se adapten a sus necesidades. Palabras clave: Extensión rural, modelos de extensión, Paraguay, difusionismo. ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of a research aimed at analyzing the problems and conceptions about rural extension held by the Directorate of Agricultural Extension (DEAg )'s practitioners in Paraguay, according to their own point of view. The interest of the research lies in the importance of agricultural extension for rural development processes as well as in the high levels of rural poverty in Paraguay. It should be mentioned that with the advent of economic neo-liberalism during the 80's and 90's, rural extension services at MERCOSUR were cut down to its lowest levels. However, it is noteworthy to point out that it has been noticed a resurgence of public extension services in several countries in the region during the last years. At a methodological level, a literature review on the topic was carried out and 26 Agricultural Extension (DEAg )'s practitioners were surveyed. Replies to the surveys were categorized following Grounded Theory's principles. Among the main problems detected were the following: small farmers's low level of education, adoption of passive and welfare dependant attitudes, scarce commitment to extension projects, use of inappropriate technologies and struggle to take part in associative work. Some of these problems, such as scarce involvement in projects and the adoption of passive attitudes, are related to a diffusionist conception of extension, w...

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