Constructive systems for social housing deployment in developing countries: A case study using dynamic life cycle carbon assessment and cost analysis in Brazil

Mahecha, Rosa Esperanza González; Caldas, Lucas Rosse; Garaffa, Rafael; Lucena, André F.P.; Szklo, Alexandre; Filho, Romildo Dias Tolêdo

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110395

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In LCA studies, the transportation distance criteria differ from study to study. Some authors use the shortest distance when a generic product is evaluated [4]; other researchers use actual distances when specific case studies are evaluated and available [50], and others prefer to use more than one value, calculating the variation with statistical methods, e.g., standard deviation [37,51]. On the market, the specification of a product is normally related to the product's cost and logistical aspects, even if the transportation distance is greater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach

Caldas

Pittau

Schaeffer

et al. 2021

World

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In continental countries, building materials are often moved over long distances from factories to building sites. This is especially important when quality and performance certification systems are required for the building materials’ acquisition. In this scenario, the transportation phase tends to have a great contribution to building materials’ environmental impacts. Taking into consideration that countries such as China, India, and Brazil, i.e., continental countries, are expecting the largest future housing demand, the issue of transportation will have a crucial role in environmental impacts. Through a Brazilian case study, the present work investigates the potential environmental impacts of structural masonry made of concrete and ceramic blocks certified by the Brazilian Quality Program. A cradle-to-site Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out while considering a country-level approach using data from the literature and Ecoinvent. The results show that ceramic blocks are preferable for most states and scenarios. Human Health and Ecosystem Quality are the two categories most affected by transportation, and they can reach more than 96% and 99%, respectively. The efficiency of the building material transportation system plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. A shift in building components from concrete to ceramic blocks has the potential to mitigate between 154 and 229 Mt CO2-eq between 2020 and 2050. The methodological approach used in this work can be applied to other building materials and other countries, especially those of continental dimensions that are expected to have a significant future housing demand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach

Caldas

Pittau

Schaeffer

et al. 2021

World

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“…There has been an impressive amount of research using LCA for building product studies in the last few years. However, there is little focus on tropical countries, especially South American countries, in the literature [43,44]. The present study can contribute significantly to overcoming this shortcoming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Thermal-Energy Analysis and Life Cycle GHG Emissions Assessments of Innovative Earth-Based Bamboo Plastering Mortars

et al. 2021

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Biomaterials and raw earth have demonstrated a promising potential for improving various thermal properties of plastering mortars used in buildings. The objective of this research was the evaluation of the thermal-energy performances and life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of different mixtures of engineered, bio-based earth mortars composed of bamboo particles, earth, and different cementitious materials. Four mixtures were assessed: mortars without bamboo particles (matrix), and mortars containing 3%, 6%, or 9% of bamboo particles by volume. The bulk density and thermal conductivity values obtained for the matrix and mortars with the highest percentage of bamboo particles (9%) were 1704.13 and 1471.80 kg/m3, and 0.62 and 0.43 W/M·K, respectively. Based on experimental results, thermal-energy simulations were carried out using a social housing project as a case study. The simulations evaluated different climate conditions and applied life cycle GHG emissions assessment methodology. Compared with typical cement and lime plastering mortars, the proposed bio-based earth mortars presented a superior thermal-energy performance and lower GHG emissions, particularly the 9% bamboo particles mixture. GHG emissions reached a maximum decrease of 28%. The main scientific contribution of this research is the presentation of an engineered, bio-based earth mortar that can be manufactured using local raw materials available in most developing countries with significant housing demands. The method used, based on experimental research, thermal-energy analysis, and life cycle GHG emissions, may be used for evaluating other innovative materials. It was verified that even with thin plastering in buildings, it is possible to achieve energy efficiency gains and to reduce GHG emissions.

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“…Martins et al (2018) avaliaram um compósito de solo-cimento reforçado com fibras de sisal e concluíram que o cimento é o material mais impactante e que as distâncias de transporte do solo exerceram grande influência nos resultados. Caldas et al (2020) avaliaram diferentes formulações de argamassa de terra no Brasil e também verificaram que os ligantes químicos (cimento ou cal hidratada) são os insumos mais impactantes.…”

Section: Avaliação Do Ciclo De Vida De Técnicas De Construção Com Terraunclassified

“…Para avaliar essa questão de forma mais assertiva teria que ser realizado algum tipo simulação termoenergética computacional, com a inclusão da etapa operacional da edificação e os impactos relacionados ao consumo de energia para climatização artificial, que é uma forma frequente empregada nos estudos de ACV (ANAND; AMOR, 2017;MAHECHA et al, 2020).…”

Section: Comparação Da Taipa De Pilão Com Outros Sistemas Construtivos Com Base Em Critérios De Desempenho Térmico E Acústicounclassified

“…O uso de cavacos, por ser uma fonte biológica e renovável, de acordo com o método de AICV utilizado (IMPACT2002+) considera emissões de CO2 nulas. Tendo em vista que o processo de queima dos blocos cerâmicos é uma das etapas mais impactantes de sua produção (MARCELINO-SADABA et al, 2017), se fosse utilizado outra fonte combustível, por exemplo gás natural, que é comum em algumas olarias do Brasil, os impactos do sistema de alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos aumentariam, como foi verificado no estudo de Martins et al (2018) e Mahecha et al (2020).…”

Section: Comparação Da Taipa De Pilão Com Outros Sistemas Construtivos Com Base Em Critérios De Desempenho Térmico E Acústicounclassified

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Construção com terra no Brasil

Caldas

Martins

Filho

2021

PARC Pesq. em Arquit. e Constr.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar potenciais impactos ambientais no ciclo de vida da técnica construtiva taipa de pilão, considerando diferentes configurações normalmente verificadas no Brasil. Foram avaliados três teores de cimento Portland: 5%, 10% e 15% (em massa). A metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) foi empregada, sendo consideradas as etapas de produção e transporte dos materiais constituintes, construção e fim de vida da taipa. As diferentes configurações dos sistemas de taipa de pilão foram comparadas com alvenaria de blocos cerâmicos estruturais, de blocos de concreto estruturais e parede de concreto moldada no local. Os resultados mostraram que a taipa de pilão é mais vantajosa principalmente quando os critérios de capacidade térmica e Índice de redução sonora ponderado são utilizados na escolha da unidade funcional. A produção do cimento e da forma de madeira foram os itens que mais influenciaram nos impactos ambientais no ciclo de vida da taipa de pilão. Ao final, foi possível obter os potenciais impactos ambientais do ciclo de vida dessa técnica construtiva parametrizados pela espessura da parede e teor de cimento, sendo apresentadas equações obtidas via regressão. Foram também propostas recomendações para melhoria ambiental da taipa de pilão no Brasil.

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Constructive systems for social housing deployment in developing countries: A case study using dynamic life cycle carbon assessment and cost analysis in Brazil

Cited by 21 publications

References 55 publications

Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach

Concrete vs. Ceramic Blocks: Environmental Impact Evaluation Considering a Country-Level Approach

Thermal-Energy Analysis and Life Cycle GHG Emissions Assessments of Innovative Earth-Based Bamboo Plastering Mortars

Construção com terra no Brasil

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