Consistency of attack level of coffee berry borer (Hypotenemus hampei Ferr.) on organic and conventional arabica coffee plantation in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia

Abstract

A study has been conducted for 3 consecutive years since 2019 to 2021 to investigate the influence of cultivation system of Arabica coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We observed the attack level of H. hampei on Arabica coffee plants that were cultivated both organically and conventionally. The results showed that for three years observation, in general, the attack level of coffee berry borer (CBB) on organic and conventional coffee plantations was not significantly different. Observations in 2019 showed that the attack level of CBB on organic coffee plantations ranged from 27-34 % and on conventional coffee plantations ranging from 33-49 %. Observations in 2020 showed that the attack rate of CBB on organic and conventional coffee ranged from 20-40 % and 28-41%, respectively, while observations in 2021 were 25-26 % and 27-28 %. The results of these studies indicate that the level of CBB attack on organic coffee plantations is no different from conventional coffee plantations that routinely use synthetic pesticides. This indicates that in organic coffee plantations, natural enemies have played an important role in suppressing the development of CBB populations. Although the use of synthetic pesticides in conventional coffee plantations can suppress pest populations, it is suspected that these pesticides also play a role in reducing the population of natural enemies of pests. Therefore, organic coffee cultivation is much more profitable, especially it can reduce the cost of buying synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, besides ensuring the safety of coffee farmers, workers, and consumers from harmful chemical contamination from pesticides.

A review on the pesticides in coffee: Usage, health effects, detection, and mitigation

“…This is based on recent studies that are based on calculations and comparisons. An example is a recent study that was published in 2022 mentioning the results of a three-year follow-up for coffee corps evaluating the effect of the cultivation system of coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer in Indonesia ( 88 ). For 3 years, coffee plants were planted organically and conventionally.…”

Populasi, Serangan, dan Sebaran Hama Hypothenemus hampei pada Kopi Arabika Gayo

“…Hama H. hampei juga mengakibatkan kerusakan buah kopi selama penyimpanan (Martínez et al 2012). Serangan hama H. hampei pada kopi arabika Gayo yang dibudidaya secara organik tidak berbeda dengan konvensional yang rutin menggunakan insektisida sintetik (Husni et al 2022). Beragam teknologi pengendalian telah dikembangkan seperti pemangkasan, pemanfaatan musuh alami seperti cendawan Beauveria bassiana, penggunaan feromon, dan sanitasi di gudang penyimpanan kopi (Aristizábal et al 2016;Escobar-Ramírez et al 2019;Baker et al 2020;Abate 2021).…”

“…Masalah utama dalam budidaya tanaman kopi arabika di Dataran Tinggi Gayo yaitu serangan hama H. hampei. Serangan hama tersebut dapat menurunkan produksi dan kualitas biji kopi arabika Gayo (Husni et al 2022).…”