A study has been conducted for 3 consecutive years since 2019 to 2021 to investigate the influence of cultivation system of Arabica coffee against the attack of the coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We observed the attack level of H. hampei on Arabica coffee plants that were cultivated both organically and conventionally. The results showed that for three years observation, in general, the attack level of coffee berry borer (CBB) on organic and conventional coffee plantations was not significantly different. Observations in 2019 showed that the attack level of CBB on organic coffee plantations ranged from 27-34 % and on conventional coffee plantations ranging from 33-49 %. Observations in 2020 showed that the attack rate of CBB on organic and conventional coffee ranged from 20-40 % and 28-41%, respectively, while observations in 2021 were 25-26 % and 27-28 %. The results of these studies indicate that the level of CBB attack on organic coffee plantations is no different from conventional coffee plantations that routinely use synthetic pesticides. This indicates that in organic coffee plantations, natural enemies have played an important role in suppressing the development of CBB populations. Although the use of synthetic pesticides in conventional coffee plantations can suppress pest populations, it is suspected that these pesticides also play a role in reducing the population of natural enemies of pests. Therefore, organic coffee cultivation is much more profitable, especially it can reduce the cost of buying synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, besides ensuring the safety of coffee farmers, workers, and consumers from harmful chemical contamination from pesticides.
Temajuk Beach area is one of the tourism potentials that is not yet known by the wider community, which is located in Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency. Temajuk Beach has great potential when it is used as a tourist spot because the location of Temajuk Beach has beautiful beaches and unspoiled scenery, a lack of government contribution to make the place a tourist attraction. The purpose of the research is to find out the potential of coastal attraction at Temajuk Beach and do an assessment of the potential attractiveness of Temajuk Beach in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province, especially for coastal tourism. The study was conducted in Temajuk Village, Paloh Subdistrict, Sambas District for 4 weeks. Based on the results of the study, the appraisal of attractiveness got the highest score of 1013.58 (A) assessment of clean water availability of 780 accessibility scores of 550 (C), and assessment the supporting infrastructure received a score of 720 so that it was included in the medium category (B), the assessment of the socio-economic conditions of the community got a score of 425 so that it was included in the medium category (B), while the accommodation scored the lowest value 180 and included in the category good (A). The assessment of each rating element that has been classified and then summed and gets an average total value of 611.43 from the results obtained when classified with the 2003 ODTWA PHKA development class, Temajuk Beach area gets a value (B) which means Temajuk Beach area good to be developed as a place/tourist attraction.Keyword: Potential of Coastal Ecotourism, Regency of Sambas, Temajuk Beach.
Coptotermes curvignathus are termites classified as pest organisms or destructive organisms, because these termites are often found to attack homes, buildings, and plantations. Entomopathogenic fungi of Metarhizium anisopliae is an alternative way to control the termite in environmentally friendly approach. This study aimed to determine the combination media of termite juice concentration for the growth of Metarhizium anisopliae. The fungi were inoculated on growth media (Potato Dextrose Agar) supplemented with termite juice using various concentration of 0% (control), 50%, 75% and 100%. This study showed that fungi grown on media supplemented with 50%, 75 of termite juice produced 2,9 × 107 spore/mL density. This result was not significantly different from the media supplemented with 25% and 75% of termite juice yielding 2,4 × 107 and 2,7 × 107 spore/mL density, respectively. However, this result was significantly different compared to the control treatment and media supplemented with 100% of termite juice yielding spore density of 1,1 × 107 and 1,4 × 107, respectively. The growth media supplemented with termite juice is considered to have more nutritional composition to stimulate spore formation promising its application for promoting media of entomopathogenic fungi.
Aphids (Aphis gossypii) are the main problem in patchouli plants (Pogostemon cablin). The presence of aphids on patchouli plants is very worried by farmers, because it can damage patchouli plants by feeding the leaf which can reduces plant growth. Therefore, it is neccesary to learn more about biological of A. gossypii on patchouli plants. A gossypii was taken from Nino Park, Syiah Kuala University and Lamteuba, Aceh Besar. The patchouli used was the result of maintaining cuttings for two months to be used as an object of observation. Infestation A gossypii was carried out in 10 observation polybags. Observations were made by looking at the development time of A. gossypii including the nymph phase (instar I-IV) and imago A. gossypii. The experiment showed that the life cycle of A. gossypii lasted for 23.8 ± 4.76 days. A. gossypii had four instar stages, duration time needed each instar is 2 days, it means the duration of nymphal stage A. gossypii on patchouli is 8.8 days. The lifecyle of imago A. gossypii is 15 days. There were two types of imago, winged and wingless aphids imago, caused the population density of aphids on a plant.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of altitude on the presence and effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi in suppressing the development of the coffee berry borer (CBB) (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District, Aceh Province, Indonesia. We found that only the fungus of the genus Beuveria infects CBB pests in the coffee plantations. We also found that the infection rate of this fungus against this pests in coffee fields located at an altitude of 900-1,100 m was higher than in coffee fields located at an altitude above 1,100 m. At first observation showed that the attack rate of entomopathogenic fungi against CBB at an altitude of 900-1,100 m; 1,100-1,300 and 1,300-1,500 m were 6%, 3% and 1%, respectively. In the second observation, the attack rate at an altitude of 900-1,100 m, 1,100-1,300 m and 1,300-1,500 m, were 8%, 2% and 1%, respectively. This indicates that the higher the temperature around the coffee plantation, the higher the infection rate (attack) of the Beuveria fungus on CBB. The correlation analysis also showed that an increase in CBB attack on coffee berries was generally followed by an increase in entomopathogenic fungi attack. This indicates that the Beuveria sp fungus has played a role in suppressing and balancing the development of CBB pests in Arabica coffee plantations in Aceh Tengah District.
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