“…One of the ways to characterize these interactions is by measuring the normal force versus separation distance, for example, using a surface forces apparatus (SFA) or atomic force microscopes (AFM). The effects of various parameters such as chain polydispersity, the presence or absence of solvent, , solvent quality, ,,, temperature, ,, polymer molecular weight, , grafting density, ,,, chain architecture (whether linear/cyclic or diblock/triblock copolymer), ,,, surface roughness, and its curvature (whether flat or cylindrical or spherical) on the force–distance relations have been investigated.…”