Confirmation and Control of a Paraquat-Tolerant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotype¹

Abstract

Diminished control of goosegrass was observed in tomato fields located in Manatee County, FL, after years of repeated paraquat use. Tolerance of the Manatee biotype to paraquat was confirmed by its comparison in greenhouse studies with a susceptible biotype from the Alachua County, FL. A 30-fold increase in paraquat rate was required to reach the 50% growth reduction level of the resistant biotype over the susceptible biotype. The Manatee biotype was not tolerant to clethodim, metribuzin, or sethoxydim. These herbicides provided adequate control of all the goosegrass biotypes tested.

Chemical Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass

“…Goosegrass presents herbicide resistance history to several modes of action, such as microtubule synthesis inhibitors (Mudge et al, 1984), photosystem I inhibitors (Buker et al 2002), photosystem II inhibitors (Brosnan et al, 2008), ACCase inhibitors (McCollough et al, 2016), EPSPS inhibitors (Lee and Ngim, 2000) and GS inhibitors (Jalaludin et al, 2010). In Brazil, the intense use of ACCase inhibitors for grass control across 20 years of soybean cultivation led to the selection of sethoxydim-, butroxydim-, fenoxaprop-, propaquizafop-and cyhalofop-resistant goosegrass (Vidal et al, 2006).…”

Multiple resistance across glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in an Eleusine indica population

“…Control of E. indica is mainly with herbicides, but over‐reliance on herbicides has resulted in resistance evolution in this species in at least eight countries (Heap, ). This includes resistance to dinitroaniline herbicides (Mudge et al ., ), acetyl coA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides (Leach et al ., ; Osuna et al ., ), the acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibiting herbicide imazapyr (Valverde et al ., ), the glycine herbicide glyphosate (Lee & Ngim, ), the bipyridilium herbicide paraquat (Buker et al ., ), photosystem II inhibitors (Brosnan et al ., ), and most recently, the glutamine synthetase‐inhibiting herbicide glufosinate (Chuah et al ., ; Jalaludin et al ., ).…”

Comprehensive phenotypic characterization and genetic distinction of distinct goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.) ecotypes

“…The development of herbicide resistant goosegrass is an example of locally adapted ecotypes [5,7]. Goosegrass has developed resistance to a number of herbicides, including: glyphosate [8], paraquat [9], metribuzin plus MSMA [10], glufosinate plus paraquat [11], and oxadiazon [12].…”