Multiple resistance across glufosinate, glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in an Eleusine indica population

Abstract

An Eleusine indica population was previously reported as the first global case of field-evolved glufosinate resistance. This study re-examines glufosinate resistance and investigates multiple resistance to other herbicides in the population. Dose-response experiments with glufosinate showed that the resistant population is 5-fold and 14-fold resistant relative to the susceptible population, based on GR 50 and LD 50 R/S ratio respectively. The selected glufosinate-resistant subpopulation also displayed a high-level resistance to glyphosate, with the respective GR 50 and LD 50 R/S ratios being 12-and 144-fold. In addition, the subpopulation also displayed a level of resistance to paraquat and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides fluazifop-P-butyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl and butroxydim. ACCase gene sequencing revealed that the Trp-2027-Cys mutation is likely responsible for resistance to the ACCase inhibitors examined. Here, we confirm glufosinate resistance and importantly, we find very high-level glyphosate resistance, as well as resistance to paraquat and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides. This is the first confirmed report of a weed species that evolved multiple resistance across all the three non-selective global herbicides, glufosinate, glyphosate and paraquat.

Evolution of a Double Amino Acid Substitution in the 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate-3-Phosphate Synthase in Eleusine indica Conferring High-Level Glyphosate Resistance

“…The glyphosate-resistant Eleusine indica population was originally collected from several patches within a palm oil nursery in Jerantut, Malaysia (Jalaludin et al, 2010), and the resistant and susceptible populations used in the current study were further characterized by Jalaludin et al (2015). Seeds were germinated on 0.6% (w/v) agar for 4 to 7 d, and germinating seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (12-20 per pot) filled with potting mix (50% [v/v] moss peat and 50% [v/v] river sand) and grown in a greenhouse during the summer growing season (December-March) with an average day/night temperature of 30°C/24°C and a 13-h photoperiod under natural sunlight.…”

“…Recently, we reported a highly (more than 10-fold the recommended rates) glyphosateresistant Malaysian E. indica population (Jalaludin et al, 2015). This paper investigates the high-level glyphosate resistance in this population, and is, to our knowledge, the first to reveal the sequential evolution of a double amino acid substitution in EPSPS.…”

Goosegrass Resistant to Glyphosate in Brazil

“…Thereafter, resistant populations were found in different continents around the world (Yuan et al, 2005;Kaundun et al, 2008;Mueller et al, 2011;Molin et al, 2013;Heap, 2016). In addition to the resistance to glyphosate, some populations of goosegrass may have resistance up to four mechanisms of action simultaneously (EPSPS, ACCase, Photosystem I and GS-GOGAT) (Jalaludin et al, 2014).…”

Growth, Development and Seed Production of Goosegrass1

“…Until now, there are reports of biotypes resistant to mitotic inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors, photosystem I inhibitors and EPSPs inhibitors. In Malaysia, there are cases of multiple resistance in which the populations present resistance to EPSPs inhibitors and ACCase, or to photosystem I inhibitors and GS-GOGAT inhibitors, or even to these four action mechanisms simultaneously (Jalaludin et al, 2014;Heap, 2016). In Brazil, failure in the control of goosegrass in the field has been reported frequently due to resistance to the ACCase inhibitors (Heap, 2016) and the low level of resistance to glyphosate (Vargas et al, 2013).…”