Conductive metal‐organic frameworks: Recent advances in electrochemical energy‐related applications and perspectives

Abstract

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), typically constructed with metallic nodes and organic linkers, have influenced the development of modular solid materials. Their adjustable molecular structure provides a remarkable variety of MOF‐based solid‐state structures towards diverse applications. However, the low conductivity of traditional MOFs extremely hinders their applications in electronic and electrochemical devices. The emerging conductive MOFs, generally possessing two‐dimensional layered structures, are endowed with both the structural merits of common MOFs and exceptional electronic/ionic conductivities. Besides, the selection and optimization of ligands and metal centers, as well as synthetic methods enormously affects the intrinsic conductivity of conductive MOFs. The distinctive crystal structures and superb conductivity promise their appealing applications in electrochemical energy‐related fields. In the review, we mainly summarize representative crystal features, conducting mechanisms and recent advances in rational design and synthesis of conductive MOFs, along with their versatile applications as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors and rechargeable batteries, and as catalysts towards electrocatalysis. Finally, the involved challenges and future trends/prospects of the conductive MOFs for electrochemical energy‐related applications are further proposed.

Topological Insulator‐Assisted MoSe2/Bi2Se3 Heterostructure: Achieving Fast Reaction Kinetics Toward High Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries

“…Furthermore, the surface area of the obtained heterostructure sample is calculated as 26.258 m 2 g −1 . Such pore structure and sufficient specific surface area can enhance the wettability of the electrode, shorten the diffusion distance, and provide a high surface‐controlled capacitive contribution, resulting in superior rate performance [26,27] …”

Electrochemical Applications of Ferrocene‐Based Coordination Polymers

“…The last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the synthesis and design of CPs containing Fc or Fc derivatives and transition metals. [53][54][55][56][57][58][59] Fc-CPs can be prepared by a variety of well-known methods. Actually, Fc is one of the units most frequently used to construct redox-active CPs with MOF and other three-dimensional architectures.…”

“…The accepted methods of Fc‐based polymer construction include catalytic polycondensation, electropolymerization, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, and chain‐growth ring‐opening polymerization. The last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the synthesis and design of CPs containing Fc or Fc derivatives and transition metals [53–59] . Fc‐CPs can be prepared by a variety of well‐known methods.…”

Supramolecular Non‐Helical One‐Dimensional Channels and Microtubes Assembled from Enantiomers of Difluorenol

“…The crystalline channels are idealized structures for ion and molecule transport due to the excellent regularity and designability. Several promising candidates have been explored such as COFs, [16] metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) [17] and HOFs [18] to deliver ions, especially protons. Compared with the well‐investigated proton conduction behavior, the lithium‐ion transport in supramolecular channel structures has been much less explored.…”