Epigenetic regulation in insects may have effects on diverse biological processes. Here we survey the methylome of a model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori, at single-base resolution using Illumina high-throughput bisulfite sequencing (MethylC-Seq). We conservatively estimate that 0.11% of genomic cytosines are methylcytosines, all of which probably occur in CG dinucleotides. CG methylation is substantially enriched in gene bodies and is positively correlated with gene expression levels, suggesting it has a positive role in gene transcription. We find that transposable elements, promoters and ribosomal DNAs are hypomethylated, but in contrast, genomic loci matching small RNAs in gene bodies are densely methylated. This work contributes to our understanding of epigenetics in insects, and in contrast to previous studies of the highly methylated genomes of Arabidopsis and human, demonstrates a strategy for sequencing the epigenomes of organisms such as insects that have low levels of methylation.

Analysis across the genome of patterns of DNA methylation reveals a rich landscape of allele-specific epigenetic modification and consequent effects on allele-specific gene expression.

With intrinsic safety and much higher energy densities than supercapacitors, rechargeable nickel/cobalt-zinc-based textile batteries are promising power sources for next generation personalized wearable electronics. However, high-performance wearable nickel/cobalt-zinc-based batteries are rarely reported because there is a lack of industrially weavable and knittable highly conductive yarns. Here, we use scalably produced highly conductive yarns uniformly covered with zinc (as anode) and nickel cobalt hydroxide nanosheets (as cathode) to fabricate rechargeable yarn batteries. They possess a battery level capacity and energy density, as well as a supercapacitor level power density. They deliver high specific capacity of 5 mAh cm and energy densities of 0.12 mWh cm and 8 mWh cm (based on the whole solid battery). They exhibit ultrahigh rate capabilities of 232 C (liquid electrolyte) and 116 C (solid electrolyte), which endows the batteries excellent power densities of 32.8 mW cm and 2.2 W cm (based on the whole solid battery). These are among the highest values reported so far. A wrist band battery is further constructed by using a large conductive cloth woven from the conductive yarns by a commercial weaving machine. It powers various electronic devices successfully, enabling dual functions of wearability and energy storage.

Smart yarns and textiles are an active field of researches nowadays due to their potential applications in flexible and stretchable electronics, wearable devices, and electronic sensors. Integration of ordinary yarns with conductive fillers renders the composite yarns with new intriguing functions, such as sensation and monitoring of strain and stress. Here we report a low cost scalable fabrication for highly reliable, stretchable, and conductive composite yarn as effective strain sensing material for human motion monitoring. By incorporating highly conductive single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into the elastic cotton/polyurethane (PU) core-spun yarn through a self-designed coating approach, we demonstrated that the yarn is able to detect and monitor the movement of human limbs, such as finger and elbow, and even the wink of eyes. By virtue of the covered structure of the cotton/PU yarn and the reinforcement effect of SWCNTs, the composite yarn can bear up to 300% strain and could be cycled nearly 300,000 times under 40% strain without noticeable breakage. It is promising that this kind of conductive yarn can be integrated into various fabrics and used in future wearable devices and electronic skins.

the realization of fully flexible and wear able electronics, appropriate flexible and wearable power supply devices with small volume, light weight, and good electro chemical performances, such as flexible supercapacitors and batteries, are highly demanded. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In particular, high safety, accompanied with good mechanical dura bility in terms of stretching or twisting reliability, compression stability, and high energy density is the key component for designing and fabricating wearable energy storage devices. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Supercapacitors, also named ultracapac itors or electrochemical capacitors, store energy through ion adsorption or redox reaction which can be safely and quickly charged/discharged and easily packaged by sandwiching an active layer between two electrodes. [7,8,16,17] Due to their high power density of up to 10 kW kg −1 , small volume, long cycling ability of ≈10 000 times, and environmental friendliness, supercapacitors are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices. [7,8,18] However, con ventional supercapacitors are stiff and cumbersome which are extremely difficult to perform as flexible energy supply.To date, a research frontier in energy storage has focused on developing flexible supercapacitors with promising electro chemical and mechanical performances. [2,7,19,20] With regard to flexible supercapacitors, their superior electrochemical per formances, i.e., high power density, superior stability and high safety, and the integration of flexibility in supercapacitors, are of great importance for powering various flexible electro nics and enabling applications in multifunctional flexible electronics. [21,22] Also, substantial efforts have been made to improve the electro chemical and mechanical performances of flexible supercapacitors. [1,10,16,[22][23][24][25][26] In this regard, flexible and wearable supercapacitors hold great promise as new energy storage devices for wearable electronics. The increasing expan sion of practical applications has boosted the development of supercapacitors, including yarn/fiber shaped and planar ones, which exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. [1,10,16,[22][23][24][25][26] Herein, we provide a comprehensive view of the recent progress and advances made in flexible and wearable superca pacitors by categorizing different flexible electrodes. Through a material based classification, the electrode materials based on carbon materials, metal based materials, and conductive Recently, wearable electronic devices including electrical sensors, flexible displays, and health monitors have received considerable attention and experienced rapid progress. Wearable supercapacitors attract tremendous attention mainly due to their high stability, low cost, fast charging/discharging, and high efficiency; properties that render them value for developing fully flexible devices. In this Concept, the recent achievements and advances made in flexible and wearable supercapacitors are presented, especially highlighting the...

Currently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been attracting great interest as a new kind of electrode materials for energy storage devices, because their porous skeleton would benefit access and transport of electrolyte, and the exposure of metal ions can offer more active sites to electrolyte. In this study, we have successfully fabricated nickle metal-organic frameworks/carbon nanotubes (Ni-MOF/CNTs) composites, which show excellent electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effects of the Ni-MOF specific structure and CNTs with high conductivity, achieving a high specific capacitance of 1765 F g -1 at a current density of 0.5 A g -1 . To further explore the capacitive performance of the composite electrode, an asymmetric supercapacitor device using Ni-MOF/CNTs as positive electrode and reduced graphene oxides/graphitic carbon nitride (rGO/g-C 3 N 4 ) as negative electrode was fabricated, and this device could be operated at a working voltage from 0-1.6 V based on complementary potential window in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, delivering a high energy density of 36.6 Wh kg -1 at a power density of 480 W kg -1 . Moreover, this asymmetric supercapacitor revealed an excellent cycle life along with 95% specific capacitance retention after 5000 consecutive charge/discharge tests. These outstanding performances would make MOFs become one of the most promising candidates for the future high energy storage systems.the chemical composition of Ni-MOF/CNTs-5 sample, XPS characterization was performed and the corresponding results are provided in Fig. 2c and 2d. It can be found that only signals from Ni, C, and O elements are detected in the survey spectrum. The high resolution Ni 2p spectrum indicates that the Ni 2P 3/2 and Ni 2P presents two distinct diffraction peaks. The stronger peak of (002) is located at about 27.3 o and attributed to the inter-planar stacking peak of aromatic systems. The low-angle reflection peak seated at 13.0 o is derived from the lattice planes parallel to the c axis.[48] The rGO exhibits a broad peak at around 23.8 o and belongs to diffraction of the (002) plane, suggesting the poor ordering of graphene sheets along 16 rGO/C 3 N 4 -3 shows the higher current density response compared to the bare rGO at the same scan rate, indicating the higher specific capacitance of rGO/C 3 N 4 -3. This appearance lies in the fact that the heteroatoms (nitrogen in the C 3 N 4 and/or oxygen on the rGO), which present electrondonor characteristics to the carbon, can not only promote the electron transfer and improve the wettability of the interface between the electrolyte and the electrode, but also generate reversible pseudocapacitance being in good agreement with the CV shape. By contrast, the smaller current density response than that of the bare rGO is observed with increasing the doped content to 4 mg and 5 mg, which is attributed to a smaller electric double-layer contribution withThe galvanostatic charge-discharge curves of all electrodes at a current density of 1 A g -1 were also measured and...

Ultrathin core–shell V3S4@C nanosheets assembled into hierarchical nanotubes (V3S4@C NS‐HNTs) are synthesized by a self‐template strategy and evaluated as general anodes for alkali‐ion batteries. Structural/physicochemical characterizations and DFT calculations bring insights into the intrinsic relationship between crystal structures and electrochemical mechanisms of the V3S4@C NS‐HNTs electrode. The V3S4@C NS‐HNTs are endowed with strong structural rigidness owing to the layered VS2 subunits and interlayer occupied V atoms, and efficient alkali‐ion adsorption/diffusion thanks to the electroactive V3S4‐C interfaces. The resulting V3S4@C NS‐HNTs anode exhibit distinct alkali‐ion‐dependent charge storage mechanisms and exceptional long‐durability cyclic performance in storage of K+, benefiting from synergistic contributions of pseudocapacitive and reversible intercalation/de‐intercalation behaviors superior to those of the conversion‐reaction‐based Li+‐/Na+‐storage counterparts.

This review elaborately summarizes the latest progress in all-pseudocapacitive asymmetric supercapacitors, including aqueous/nonaqueous faradaic electrode materials, the operating principles, system design/engineering, and rational optimization.