Supplementary InformaƟon (ESI) available: FT-IR spectrum, Raman spectrum, XRD patterns, XPS survey spectra, TEM and SEM images, the first three CV curves, Cycle performance, and rate capabilities of NG and RGO See Nitrogen and fluorine co-doped graphene (NFG) with the N and F content as high as 3.24 and 10.9 at.% was prepared through the hydrothermal reaction of trimethylamine tri(hydrofluoride) [(C2H5)3N·3HF] and aqueous-dispersed graphene oxide (GO) as the anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The N and F co-doping in graphene increased the disorder and defects of the framework, enlarged the space of the interlayer, wrinkled the nanosheets with many open-edge sites, and thus faciliated Li ion diffusion through the electrode compared with sole-N or F doped graphene. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of NFG demonstrated the presence of active pyridine and pyrrolic types N, and highly electrical conductive graphitic N and semi-ionic C-F bond in the structure. The N and F doping content and the component types of N and F functional groups could be controlled by the hydrothermal temperature. The NFG prepared at 150°C exhibited the best electrochemical performances tested as the anode of LIBs, including the high coulombic efficiency in the first cycle (56.7%), superior reversible specific discahrge capacity (1075 mAh g −1 at 100 mA g −1 ), excellent rate capabilities (305 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 ), and outstanding cycling stability (capacity retention of ~95% at 5 A g −1 after 2000 cycles), which demonstrated NFG was a promising candidate for anode materials of high-rate LIBs. 18,20,25 Recently, it has been realized that doping graphene with two or more kinds of heteroatoms can further improve its electrochemical performances because Li-ion storage is not only related with the contents of heteroatoms but also with

Transparent, conductive, and flexible multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/graphene hybrids with two three-dimensional microstructuresan interconnected network and a double-layer structurewere prepared. The conductivity and performance of MWCNT/graphene films can be controlled by different microstructures. A photoswitch using a layered heterostructure of a CdTe quantum dot on an interconnected MWCNT/graphene (IN-MWCNT/graphene) electrode shows an enhanced reversible photocurrent with a higher on/off ratio than that of double-layer structures (DL-MWCNT/graphene). Electrochemical capacitors using a IN-MWCNT/graphene network also exhibit an outstanding rate capability and good cycling stability due to a large surface area and high porosity. Results indicate that the IN-MWCNT/ graphene hybrid with porous structures and strong π-interaction is an excellent conductive network for multifunctional flexible devices. The performance of MWCNT/graphene hybrid films can be further optimized by the improved interface and microstructures.

Nowadays, gene transfer technology has been widely used to promote endothelialization of artificial vascular grafts. However, the lack of gene vectors with low cytotoxicity and targeting function still remains a pressing challenge. Herein, polyethylenimine (PEI, 1.8 kDa or 10 kDa) was conjugated to an amphiphilic and biodegradable diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-b-PLGA) to prepare mPEG-b-PLGA-g-PEI copolymers with the aim to develop gene vectors with low cytotoxicity while high transfection efficiency. The micelles were prepared from mPEG-b-PLGA-g-PEI copolymers by self-assembly method. Furthermore, Cys-Arg-Glu-Asp-Val-Trp (CREDVW) peptide was linked to micelle surface to enable the micelles with special recognition for endothelial cells (ECs). In addition, pEGFP-ZNF580 plasmids were condensed into these CREDVW-linked micelles to enhance the proliferation of ECs. These CREDVW-linked micelle/pEGFP-ZNF580 complexes exhibited low cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The cell transfection results demonstrated that pEGFP-ZNF580 could be transferred into ECs efficiently by these micelles. The results of Western blot analysis showed that the relative ZNF580 protein level in transfected ECs increased to 76.9%. The rapid migration of transfected ECs can be verified by wound healing assay. These results indicated that CREDVW-linked micelles could be a suitable gene transfer vector with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency, which has great potential for rapid endothelialization of artificial blood vessels.

Figure 1. Timeline showing synthetic methods for FG in the past decade. Image for "Direct gas fluorination": Reproduced with permission.

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Two new imidazolium-based cationic COFs were synthesized and employed as all-solid electrolytes, and exhibited high lithium ion conductivity at high temperature. The assembled Li-ion battery displays preferable battery performance at 353 K.

Gold-based catalysts supported on phosphorus-doped carbon are used in acetylene hydrochlorination to enhance the catalyst activity.