Conducting polymers in biomedical engineering

Guimard, Nathalie K.; Gómez, Natalia; Schmidt, Christine E.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.05.012

Cited by 1,434 publications

(1,053 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…[125][126][127][128] By analogy with the consecutive events taking place during actuation of natural muscles they were named artificial muscles. 42 12.1.1 Dual Sensing-Actuators: Sensing and Tactile Artificial Muscles.…”

Section: Artificial Muscles: Polymeric Electrical Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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Electro-generations of conducting polymers are fast processes through a complex mechanism of parallel reactions giving mixed materials. The films are three-dimensional electrochemical reactors: reactive macromolecules, ions, and solvent. The film composition and its related properties reviewed here change by oxidation/reduction along several orders of magnitude under control. One reaction shifts different properties (multifunctionality). In one device several reaction driven tools, actuators and sensor, work simultaneously (full integration

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Section: Artificial Muscles: Polymeric Electrical Motorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomimetic Conducting Polymers: Synthesis, Materials, Properties, Functions, and Devices

Otero

2013

Polymer Reviews

129

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“…Although recent research has shown that the emeraldine salt of PANI (EPANI) can be successfully fabricated in a biocompatible form [73,74], modern biomedical CPs are typically composed of heterocyclic aromatics, such as derivatives of thiophene and pyrrole [75][76][77][78]. Specifically, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polypyrrole (PPy) have been widely studied for their superior environmental and electrochemical stability [79][80][81][82].…”

Section: Conventional Cp Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications

Green

Baek

Poole-Warren

et al. 2010

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

241

182

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Conducting polymers hold significant promise as electrode coatings; however, they are characterized by inherently poor mechanical properties. Blending or producing layered conducting polymers with other polymer forms, such as hydrogels, has been proposed as an approach to improving these properties. There are many challenges to producing hybrid polymers incorporating conducting polymers and hydrogels, including the fabrication of structures based on two such dissimilar materials and evaluation of the properties of the resulting structures. Although both fabrication and evaluation of structure-property relationships remain challenges, materials comprised of conducting polymers and hydrogels are promising for the next generation of bioactive electrode coatings.

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“…Non-convective delivery would enable introduction of biosubstances per se into small compartments in organs, e.g., the cochlea. Organic conjugated polymers have been investigated in recent years as delivery platforms that fulfil many of these requirements, in part due to their chemical and material properties which facilitate their incorporation into bio-medical devices 10,11 . As volume-change actuators, they have been explored as reversible valves exposing drug-loaded microreservoirs 12 .…”

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confidence: 99%