Conducting hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength

Dai, Tingyang; Qing, Xutang; Lu, Yun; Xia, Youyi

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2009.09.025

Cited by 131 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…One way to overcome this issue is to use simple evaluation of water uptake or water content in the CP-hydrogel. The swollen and dry weights of the sample were compared by Dai et al [106] and Aouada et al [116]. While this does provide a water content value, it does not allow for more sophisticated calculations, such as mesh size.…”

Section: Physical and Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications

Green

Baek

Poole-Warren

et al. 2010

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

241

182

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Conducting polymers hold significant promise as electrode coatings; however, they are characterized by inherently poor mechanical properties. Blending or producing layered conducting polymers with other polymer forms, such as hydrogels, has been proposed as an approach to improving these properties. There are many challenges to producing hybrid polymers incorporating conducting polymers and hydrogels, including the fabrication of structures based on two such dissimilar materials and evaluation of the properties of the resulting structures. Although both fabrication and evaluation of structure-property relationships remain challenges, materials comprised of conducting polymers and hydrogels are promising for the next generation of bioactive electrode coatings.

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Section: Physical and Mechanical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications

Green

Baek

Poole-Warren

et al. 2010

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

241

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…36 In one recent study, a PAA-based DN was formed followed by chemical polymerization of EDOT within the hydrogel. 37 The tough PAA-based DN hydrogel was built from two PAA interpenetrated networks with different cross-linking ratios. The PEDOT incorporated PAA-PAA DN hydrogels were reported to be electroactive and the final gel had a compression strength as high as 1.8 MPa and a fracture strain of 80%.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically Conductive, Tough Hydrogels with pH Sensitivity

et al. 2012

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Electrically conductive, mechanically tough hydrogels based on a double network (DN) comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PPEGMA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were produced. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically polymerized within the tough DN gel to provide electronic conductivity. The effects of pH on the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the fully swollen hydrogels, along with their electrical conductivity and swelling ratio were determined. Compressive and tensile strengths as high as 11.6 and 0.6 MPa, respectively, were obtained for hydrogels containing PEDOT with a maximum conductivity of 4.3 S cm -1 . This conductivity is the highest yet reported for hydrogel materials of high swelling ratios. These hydrogels may be useful as soft strain sensors because their electrical resistance changed significantly when cyclically loaded in compression. ABSTRACT: Electrically conductive, mechanically tough hydrogels based on a double network (DN) comprised of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PPEGMA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) were produced. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was chemically polymerized within the tough DN gel to provide electronic conductivity. The effects of pH on the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of the fully swollen hydrogels, along with their electrical conductivity and swelling ratio were determined. Compressive and tensile strengths as high as 11.6 and 0.6 MPa, respectively, were obtained for hydrogels containing PEDOT with a maximum conductivity of 4.3 S cm −1 . This conductivity is the highest yet reported for hydrogel materials of high swelling ratios. These hydrogels may be useful as soft strain sensors because their electrical resistance changed significantly when cyclically loaded in compression.

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“…For conductive composite hydrogels, the lack of mechanical property is probably the most obvious and intractable problem, which greatly obstructs their applications in the field of biomedical materials such as biological electrical sensor, artificial scaffold, and articular cartilage. 29 Therefore, both conductive and mechanical properties are important to the conductive composite hydrogels. Figure 1 shows the stress-strain curves of the composite hydrogels doped with TsONa at various FeCl 3 concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxidant and dopants on the properties of cellulose/PPy conductive composite hydrogels

Fang

Zhao

Liang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Cellulose/Polypyrrole (PPy) composite hydrogels were prepared by in situ chemically oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the cellulose matrix. Ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) was used as an oxidant and four sulfonic compounds were used as dopants in order to investigate the effects on the properties of cellulose/PPy conductive composite hydrogels. The extent of polymerization of PPy was determined by the amount of the oxidant and the composite hydrogels with oxidant at 0.3 M20.5 M exhibited the higher conductivities for the intrachain and interchain conductivities of conductive polymers; the fracture stress of the composite hydrogels could be up to 26.25 MPa with a strain of 86.8% when the oxidant was at 0.5 M. Doping is an efficient way to improve the conductivity of the composite hydrogels and four kinds of dopant were compared in this work. Long alkane chain and side group in dopants can increase the steric hindrance of PPy polymerization which resulted in the lower conductivity of the composite hydrogels compared to dopants with smaller steric hindrance. The conductivity of the composite hydrogel firstly increased and then decreased with the concentration of dopants from 0.1 M to 1.0 M in this work.

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Conducting hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength

Cited by 131 publications

References 39 publications

Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications

Conducting polymer-hydrogels for medical electrode applications

Electrically Conductive, Tough Hydrogels with pH Sensitivity

Effects of oxidant and dopants on the properties of cellulose/PPy conductive composite hydrogels

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