Concentração industrial no Brasil no período 1996-2001: uma análise por meio do índice de Ellison e Glaeser (1994)

Abstract

Este trabalho trata da concentração espacial da indústria de transformação brasileira em nível de divisões e grupos da Classificação Nacional das Atividades Econômicas (CNAE), nos anos de 1996 e 2001. Para a análise do nível de concentração foi utilizado o índice de Ellison e Glaeser (1994) e seus componentes. Os resultados mostram que ocorreu diminuição no grau de concentração médio, com a maioria das divisões e grupos industriais tendo suas concentrações reduzidas durante o período estudado. Além disso, constatou-se uma relativa estabilidade na distribuição dos setores mais e menos concentrados, apesar de se ter verificado uma variação significativa da concentração dentro de cada segmento, especialmente entre os menos concentrados. Finalmente, verificou-se que a concentração tende a ser maior nos setores com maior conteúdo tecnológico e menor nas atividades da indústria tradicional.<br>This paper deals with the geographic concentration of the Brazilian’s manufacturing industry in the divisions and groups of the National Classification of the Economic Activities (CNAE), in the period from 1996 until 2001. The measure of the level of concentration used was the index of Ellison and Glaeser (1994). The results show that the average and median degrees of concentration were reduced during the period and that most of the divisions and industrial groups had reduced its concentrations. Moreover, a relative stability in the distribution of the greater and lesser concentrated activities was evidenced, although a significant variation in the concentration inside each segment was verified, specially inside the last group. Finally, it was verified that the concentration tends to be greater in the sectors with higher technological content and lesser in the activities of the traditional industry

Measures of Industry Agglomeration in Brazil: A Study Addressing Neighboring Effects

“…These findings corroborate the results reported by Resende and Wyllie (2005) and Lautert and Araújo (2007). These authors showed that the most concentrated sectors comprise both activities that use natural materials as input (e.g., those related to Leather and Shoes) and activities that involve more technology and investments (e.g., those related to Coke, Nuclear Fuel, Ethanol, and Oil).…”

“…In other words, the proportion of sectors at low levels of agglomeration increased from 1995 to 2001. Lautert and Araújo (2007) analyzed the geographic concentration of the Brazilian manufacturing industry at the sectoral level in 1996 and 2001. The authors used the Ellison-Glaeser index (1997), a measure of concentration relatively unexplored in the literature on industry localization in Brazil.…”

“…According to Lautert and Araújo (2007), no clear pattern was identified that could be generalized to the entire manufacturing industry. Most sectors of the Brazilian manufacturing industry had deagglomerative tendencies in the years studied, a period when the economic environment stimulated companies to adopt adjustment strategies.…”

“…Most studies taking Krugman's (1991) approach and measures of spatial concentration to understand Brazilian industry have focused on aggregate analyses of the industry. Only recently have some studies been developed focusing on the analysis of concentration at cross-sectoral levels (cf., among others, SOUZA, 2002;RESENDE;WYLLIE, 2005;LAUTERT;ARAÚJO, 2007). To the best of our knowledge, however, the measures of concentration used in such studies have been limited to information within each areal unit, thus neglecting neighboring effects.…”

As indústrias da transformação são concentradas espacialmente? Um teste empírico para o Brasil (2002-2014)

“…As evidências empíricas para o Brasil (Pacheco, 1999;Crocco, 1996;Lautert;Araújo, 2007;Almeida;Rocha, 2018) e demais países Glaeser, 1997;Lu;Tao, 2009;Maurel;Sédillot, 1999) indicam que a atividade produtiva tende a se aglomerar no espaço, mas com diferenças signifi cativas entre os tipos de indústrias. No Brasil, 1 em torno de 50% do emprego formal da indústria da transformação, no ano de 2014, localizava-se na segunda menor região do país, na região Sudeste, que ocupa 1/10 do território nacional.…”