This paper investigates the profit rate in Brazil between 1953 and 2003. There was a tendency for the profit rate to fall during the period under study determined mainly by the declining productivity of capital. There were three phases in the behavior of the profit rate. In the first phase, between 1953 and 1973, it slowly declined; in the second, from 1973 to late 1980s, it fell sharply; in the third, from late 1989 to 2003, it increased moderately. These phases correspond to the institutional arrangements of the Brazilian economy, respectively, to the import substitution industrialization (ISI) during the golden age of capitalism, to the crisis and rupture of ISI, and to neoliberalism.JEL classification: E25, N16, O30
Este trabalho trata da concentração espacial da indústria de transformação brasileira em nível de divisões e grupos da Classificação Nacional das Atividades Econômicas (CNAE), nos anos de 1996 e 2001. Para a análise do nível de concentração foi utilizado o índice de Ellison e Glaeser (1994) e seus componentes. Os resultados mostram que ocorreu diminuição no grau de concentração médio, com a maioria das divisões e grupos industriais tendo suas concentrações reduzidas durante o período estudado. Além disso, constatou-se uma relativa estabilidade na distribuição dos setores mais e menos concentrados, apesar de se ter verificado uma variação significativa da concentração dentro de cada segmento, especialmente entre os menos concentrados. Finalmente, verificou-se que a concentração tende a ser maior nos setores com maior conteúdo tecnológico e menor nas atividades da indústria tradicional.
This paper deals with the geographic concentration of the Brazilian’s manufacturing industry in the divisions and groups of the National Classification of the Economic Activities (CNAE), in the period from 1996 until 2001. The measure of the level of concentration used was the index of Ellison and Glaeser (1994). The results show that the average and median degrees of concentration were reduced during the period and that most of the divisions and industrial groups had reduced its concentrations. Moreover, a relative stability in the distribution of the greater and lesser concentrated activities was evidenced, although a significant variation in the concentration inside each segment was verified, specially inside the last group. Finally, it was verified that the concentration tends to be greater in the sectors with higher technological content and lesser in the activities of the traditional industry
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