Concentração e poder de mercado no sistema bancário brasileiro: uma análise pós-Plano Real

Abstract

Este é um artigo de acesso aberto, licenciado por Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0), sendo permitidas reprodução, adaptação e distribuição desde que o autor e a fonte originais sejam creditados. Abstract. The Brazilian banking system has undergone several changes after the Real Plan. One was the intensification of the process of acquisition and merger of banks as a strategy for the opening of the Brazilian market for institutions with foreign capital. As an example, in the first four years of the Real Plan the number of banks fell from 273 to 233, showing the movement of concentration. According to economic theory, the concentration leads to increased market power of the institutions. The objective of this study was to identify the concentration of the banking system and examine the relationship between concentration and market power in the major banks operating in Brazil. As a methodological base it used the degree of concentration to assess the level of concentration and the Lerner Index to assess the market power of the largest banks. With this methodology it was possible to prove that there is a positive relationship between concentration and market power in the years 2000-2007 for the three groups that were examined (assets, loans and deposits). In the remaining periods, from 1995 to 2000 and 2009 to 2014, the only indicator that showed a positive relationship was the CR (deposits) between 1995 and 2000. These relations can be explained by the economic situation of each season, as noted throughout this study.