Computerunterstützte Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie

Abstract

The techniques of virtual reality keep gaining in importance for medical applications. Many applications are still being developed or are still in the form of a prototype. However, it is already clear that developments in this area will have a considerable effect on the surgeon's routine work.

Image-guided surgery and medical robotics in the cranial area

“…In the cranial area, robotic systems were considered to help the surgeon interactively with the following tasks [1,7,21,40,45,129]: (1) the drilling of holes with an automatic stop after penetrating the bone to protect the tissue lying deep to the bone, (2) the defined drilling of the implant bed for positioning of implants or bone fixtures for anaplastology, (3) the milling of the bone surfaces in plastic surgery according to a 3D-operation plan, (4) performing deep saw-cuts for osteotomies and allowing for the precise three-dimensional transportation of the subsequent bone segments or CAD/CAM (computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing) transplant, (5) the preoperative automatic selection of the necessary osteosynthesis plates, their bending by a special machine and their intraoperative positioning in defined positions, or (6) the automated guidance for non-flexible catheter implantation at brachytherapy.…”

“…Robots can work as part of an interactive system, are immune to radiation and can be automatically programmed for documentation, evaluation and training protocols [14,40,45,46,129]. Except for very few cases, surgical robots will not execute operations fully autonomously but will support the physician to achieve optimal results [1,7,21,40,44, 45,129,141]. …”

“…Such operations often require re-establishing functional and aesthetic anatomy by repositioning displaced skeletal elements, or by grafting and contouring abnormal bony contours and transplants [1-5]. The need for accurate preoperative determination of the proposed surgical procedure is essential, and excellent intraoperative orientation and manual skills are required for surgical precision and reliable protection of vital anatomic structures [6-12].…”

3D-Ultraschall: Eine wertvolle Ergänzung bei Therapie-planung und Verlaufskontrolle von Kopf-Hals-Tumoren

“…Die radiologische Bildgebung führt die klinische Untersuchung ergänzend fort, d. h. Darstellung der für die Therapie essenziellen Strukturen in den Projektionen, die dem klinischen wie auch dem Eindruck intraoperativ besonders entsprechen [29]. Hieraus erklärt sich eines der Akzeptanzprobleme bei ungewohnten Ultraschallbildern.…”

Ein Prototyp Zur Realisierung Projektorbasierter Erweiterter Realitäten in Der Chirurgie

“…geplant und simuliert [1,2]. Insbesondere neurochirurgische Eingriffe sowie Operationen im cranio-maxillo-facialen Bereich stellen dabei hohe Anforderungen an die intraoperativ zu erzielende Genauigkeit, um einen möglichst effektiven und patientenschonenden Eingriff zu gewährleisten.…”