Comprehensive investigation of the viscoelastic properties of PMMA by nanoindentation

Christöfl, Petra; Czibula, Caterina; Berer, Michael; Teichert, Christian; Pinter, Gerald

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106978

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Observed decrease of viscosity with increase in temperature is in line with what was observed previously in numerous publications [35,36]. From comparing the values obtained by us to other works [17,35,36] we can see that the SLS-Kelvin model is closest to other research, although this might be caused due to similarity of the measurement method used, as the Burger model can be used to predict the behaviour during dwell with the highest accuracy. The change in viscosity with the depth of indentation can be attributed to the same change in mobility as described above when analysing Young's modulus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Burger Model as the Best Option for Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior of Resists for Nanoimprint Lithography

et al. 2021

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In this study, Atomic Force Microscopy-based nanoindentation (AFM-NI) with diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated tip was used to analyze the mechanical response of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films (thicknesses: 235 and 513 nm) on a silicon substrate. Then, Oliver and Pharr (OP) model was used to calculate hardness and Young’s modulus, while three different Static Linear Solid models were used to fit the creep curve and measure creep compliance, Young’s modulus, and viscosity. Values were compared with each other, and the best-suited method was suggested. The impact of four temperatures below the glass transition temperature and varied indentation depth on the mechanical properties has been analyzed. The results show high sensitivity on experiment parameters and there is a clear difference between thin and thick film. According to the requirements in the nanoimprint lithography (NIL), the ratio of hardness at demolding temperature to viscosity at molding temperature was introduced as a simple parameter for prediction of resist suitability for NIL. Finally, thinner PMMA film was tentatively attributed as more suitable for NIL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A threeorder generalized Kelvin rheological model was adopted to simulate the creep responses. In addition, nano-indentation was employed to investigate creep of PMMA-in [17] AFM and nano-indenter were used to carry out the experiments. However, for AFM the force at creep was 5 µN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burger Model as the Best Option for Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior of Resists for Nanoimprint Lithography

et al. 2021

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“…In this work, we focus on Sphero-conical (a tip radius of 0.1 mm and an opening angle of 90° [ 26 ]) and flat punch-end conical (a tip diameter of 100 µm and an opening angle of 60°) blunt tip geometries i.e., for shallow indentations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The instrumented indentation technique involves pressing an indenter of known geometry into the surface while both normal load and penetration depth are monitored. From the obtained force-displacement curve, the indentation hardness (HIT), elastic modulus (EIT) [ 23 , 24 ], viscoelastic properties of polymers [ 25 , 26 ] and other mechanical properties [ 27 ] can be obtained. The data analysis is performed automatically via Anton Paar’s indentation 8.0.26 software.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the time domain, creep measurements are used to describe the long-term viscoelastic properties. The material is assumed to be linearly viscoelastic and therefore a step-like stress profile is recommended to express the influence of time [ 26 ]. The example cycle in Figure 3 consists of fast loading of 10 s up to 40 mN followed by a long-lasting hold of 200 s at constant force, during which the increase of depth (creep) is monitored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoindentation Reveals Crosslinking Behavior of Solar Encapsulants—The Methodological Advantages over Bulk Methods

et al. 2021

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The power degradation and failure of photovoltaic (PV) modules can be caused by changes in the mechanical properties of the polymeric components during the module lifetime. This paper introduces instrumented nanoindentation as a method to investigate the mechanical properties of module materials such as polymeric encapsulants. To this end, nanoindentation tests were carried out on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) surfaces, which have been separated from the glass panel. Two types of time-dependent indentation cycle modes, the time domain (creep mode) and frequency domain (dynamic mode) were performed to determine the viscoelastic behavior. For each mode, a corresponding model was applied to calculate the main mechanical properties. The general capability of nanoindentation as cross-linking determination method is investigated with the methodological advantages over bulk mechanical characterization methods. A large number of Glass/EVA/Backsheet laminates were built using different lamination conditions resulting in different degrees of curing. Both indentation modes indicate good modulus sensitivity for following the EVA crosslinking in its early stages but could not reliably differentiate between samples with higher EVA branching. Additional dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) characterization was used as an established method to validate the indentation measurements. Both nanoindentation and DMA tensile mode produce similar quantitative viscoelastic responses, in the form of the damping factor parameter, demonstrated for three different frequencies at room temperature. A statistical study of the data reveals the advantages for the investigation of multilayer PV laminates by using nanoindenation as a surface method while also being applicable to field aged modules.

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Assessing Young’s modulus of poly (methyl methacrylate) using nanoindentation: Unraveling ambiguities

Sarkar,

Verma

2024

J Polym Res

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Comprehensive investigation of the viscoelastic properties of PMMA by nanoindentation

Cited by 22 publications

References 32 publications

Burger Model as the Best Option for Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior of Resists for Nanoimprint Lithography

Burger Model as the Best Option for Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior of Resists for Nanoimprint Lithography

Nanoindentation Reveals Crosslinking Behavior of Solar Encapsulants—The Methodological Advantages over Bulk Methods

Assessing Young’s modulus of poly (methyl methacrylate) using nanoindentation: Unraveling ambiguities

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