Comprehensive analysis of an uninvestigated wild edible medicinal garlic species from Turkey: Allium macrochaetum Boiss. & Hausskn.

Abstract

The study was aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds of Allium macrochaetum by LC‐MS/MS, as well as the antioxidant, antialzheimer, and antimicrobial activities of the extracts, and determination of the essential oil and fatty acid compositions by GC‐MS. The results indicate that malic acid and t‐caffeic acid are the major compounds in the bulbs. The main components of fatty acids were found to be linolenic (40.72%), oleic (19.79%), and palmitic (18.45%) acids. The allyl disulfide (66.97%) was found as major compound in the essential oil. The ethanol extract of the bulbs exhibited stronger ABTS cation (IC50: 55.90 ± 1.08 µg/ml) and DPPH free (IC50: 204.43 ± 2.17 µg/ml) radical scavenging activities than the other extracts. The extract also showed moderate cupric reducing activity with 1.52 absorbance at 100 µg/ml concentration. Only the ethanol extract of the bulbs showed weak inhibition (23.34 ± 0.11%) against butrylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/ml. Practical applications Allium macrochaetum is a wild and edible garlic species which grown in Turkey, Iran, Iraqi, and Syria. A. macrochaetum has been used by local people in Turkish folk medicine as an antibiotic, and for the treatment of alopecia. The health benefits and nutritional values of A. macrochaetum were clarified in the first time. Phenolic compounds of A. macrochaetum were detected by LC‐MS/MS. The essential oil and fatty acid compositions of A. macrochaetum were identified by GC‐MS. Antioxidant, antialzheimer, and antimicrobial activities potential of A. macrochaetum were determined.

Chemical profiles and biological properties of methanol extracts of Allium pallens L. from different localities in Turkey

“…Specifically, eriodictyol in A. scorodoprasum [14], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid in A. nigrum [15], p-coumaric acid in A. subhirsutum [15], protocatechuic acid in A. hookeri [35], isorhamnetin in A. flavum subsp. flavum [36] and malic acid in A. macrochaetum [37] are the most dominant phenolic compounds in these species.…”

An assessment of phenolic profiles, fatty acid compositions, and biological activities of twoHelichrysumspecies:H. plicatumandH. chionophilum

“…Fatty acid extraction and fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed on a HP (Hewlett Packard) Agilent 6890N model gas chromatograph (GC), equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and fitted to a HP‐88 capillary column (100 m, 0.25 mm i.d., and 0.2 µm). The analytical conditions were as described by Demirci Kayiran et al ().…”

A Systematic Review on the Antimicrobial Properties of Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: We Still Know Too Little about Them, but What We Do Know Makes Persistent Investigation Worthwhile

“…Finally, there were only six studies using essential oils (EO), among which the EO distilled from C. coronarium [35] was the only one where MIC values were given in EO dilutions (v/v). Overall, the EOs were shown to be highly efficient in inhibiting bacterial and fungal growth [12,25,28,36], displaying in some cases, as compared with routinely employed antibiotics, a similar (vs. streptomycin) or even higher efficiency (vs. ampicillin) vs. Gram-negative bacteria [12]. The only exception was EO of F. vulgare, which did not show any antibacterial activity [31].…”

“…Nonetheless, in many studies MWEPs and antibiotics are used at the very same concentration (mg/mL) to compare their antimicrobial activities. In several cases, MWEPs extracts do work like conventional antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin), if not at lower concentrations [8,12,16,17,21,26,30,[36][37][38][39]44], especially for bacterial species known for displaying ABR. In future studies, it will be advisable to analyze the effectiveness of the extracts formulated with different nanocarriers.…”

“…Additionally, regarding Enterococcus faecalis, which is responsible for urinary tract infections and under surveillance for resistance to aminoglycosides, six studies (see Table S3) reported MWEPs extracts were effective in inhibiting its growth [9,21,33,36,39,44].…”