An assessment of phenolic profiles, fatty acid compositions, and biological activities of twoHelichrysumspecies:H. plicatumandH. chionophilum

Abstract

In the present study, we aimed to search and compare the biological activities of the ethanol (EtOH), methanol (MeOH), and ethylacetate (EtOAc) solvent extracts of the flower, stem, and root parts of two Helichrysum plants (H. chionophilum (Hc) and H. plicatum subsp. plicatum (Hp)). The antioxidant properties were determined by using (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH) and ABTS (2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The enzyme inhibitory effects of the extracts were investigated on butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α‐glucosidase, and α‐amylase. Palmitic acid (C 16:0) was also determined as major fatty acids in the tested oils (31.21%–67.68%). In both plants, it was found that the EtOAc extracts of the flowers had a strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present study showed that H. chionophilum and H. plicatum can be seen as a promising source for the natural bioactive compounds that can be used in therapeutic applications. Practical applications The members of the genus Helichrysum have been widely taken for therapeutic purposes in traditional medicine as well as food. In this context, we investigated the chemical characterization and biological activities of two Helichrysum species extracts (H. chionophilum and H. plicatum subsp. plicatum). Antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibition and anti‐microbial effects were tested for biological activities. Chemical characterization was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (for phenolic) and gas chromatography‐flame ioanization detector (GC‐FID) (for fatty acids). Based on our findings, the species may be valuable for designing novel food products.

Composition, Antioxidant Potential, and Antimicrobial Activity of Helichrysum plicatum DC. Various Extracts

“…There are several studies on H. plicatum antimicrobial activity, which was ascribed to the phenolic and flavonoid contents [13,120,122]. Fungi were more sensitive to H. plicatum extracts than bacteria, which corroborates our findings.…”

“…Comparison of the EC 50 values with literature data obtained by different protocols and DPPH concentrations is not consistent. Kadifkova Panovska and Kulevanova [119] reported EC 50 values in the range 6-11 mg/mL for H. plicatum methanol and ethanol extracts with 100 mM DPPH, while 37-88 µg/mL EC 50 values with 0.08 mM DPPH were reported by Bigović et al [108] and 235-918 µg/mL with 0.1 mM DPPH by Acet et al [120]. Even though 0.1 mM DPPH was used in the present study, the results are still difficult to compare with Acet et al because of the different mixing volumes of extracts and DPPH solutions, as well as the different incubation times.…”

In vitro antineurodegenerative activity and in silico predictions of blood-brain barrier penetration of Helichrysum plicatum flower extract

“…According to the results of the ABTS assay, the HFE at the highest applied concentration showed better or similar antioxidant activity compared to BHA, BHT, and vitamin C at both used concentrations ( Table 1). The results of previously published study (Acet et al, 2020) indicate that the ethanol, methanol, and ethylacetate extracts of the aerial parts of H. plicatum (with 50 % inhibition concentrations of 51.4, 64.2, and 25.9 µg/mL, respectively) showed better ABTS radical scavenging activity compared to our extract. Ferric reducing antioxidant power of extract of 500 µg/mL was statistically significantly higher than standards, except BHA and vitamin C at a concentration of 100 µg/mL where it was slightly lower.…”

“…In the aforementioned study, Acet et al (2020) examined the AChE inhibitory activity of ethanol, methanol, and ethylacetate flower extracts of H. plicatum from Turkey. The strongest inhibitory activity was shown by the ethylacetate extract (17.75 %), weaker by the ethanol extract (15.3 %), while methanol extract activity was not detected, which indicates that the activity depends on the type of the used extraction solvent.…”

Stachys macrantha (K.Koch) Stearn’ın Biyolojik Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi

“…Toplam fenolik madde içeriği en yüksek ekstrakt olan metanol ekstraktının fenolik ve flavanoid bileşen analizleri [15] gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fenolik bileşenler: kafeik asit, klorojenik asit, p-koumarik asit, 2,4dihidroksibenzoik asit, ellajik asit, ferulik asit, gallik asit, gentistik asit, protokatekuik asit, salisilik asit, sinapinik asit ve vanilik asit gibi standartalar kullanılarak; flavanoid bileşenler ise: kateşin, epikateşin, izoramnetin, kaemferol, mirisetin, naringin, kuersetin, ramnetin ve rutin gibi standartlar kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir.…”