Complementary Optical Bistable Operation with Integration of Two Directional Couplers on LiNbO₃ Crystal

Abstract

Integrated optical bistable circuits consisting of two parallel reversed-Δβ-directional couplers interconnected by single-mode waveguides were fabricated on a single LiNbO3 crystal. Superior performances of the complementary and consistent types of hysteresis curves are demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. Parallel optical signal processes of different logic gate combinations are obtained.

Intergraded LiNbO3 electrooptical electromagnetic field sensor

“…The Ti strip pattern was then diffused at 1050°C for 9 h in a dry O 2 atmosphere. A LiNbO 3 powder was used to avoid the outdiffusion of Li 2 O during high temperature diffusion process [4]. A 500-nm-thick SiO 2 buffer layer was deposited to isolate optical waveguides of Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulator from of the traveling-wave electrode metal.…”

Electromagnetic field sensor using Mach‐Zehnder waveguide modulator

“…After life-off process, the resultant Ti pattern with a strip width of 7 m was diffused in a furnace at 1050°C for 9 h under dry oxygen ambient. To overcome the outdiffusion of Li 2 O during diffusion period, a LiNbO 3 powder was used [5]. Furthermore, a 500-nm-thick SiO 2 layer was deposited on the Ti-diffused Mach-Zehnder modulator to prevent the propagation loss caused by the optical absorption of the electrode metal.…”