Comparison of two purified toxic fractions from Mesobuthus eupeus scorpion venom

Abstract

Abstract:Iranian scorpions belong mainly to the Buthidae and Scorpionidae families, distributed into 16 genera and 25 species. In Iran, similar to other parts of the world, there are a few known species of scorpions responsible for severe envenoming; amongst which Mesobuthus eupeus is the most common. Its venom contains several toxin fractions that may affect the ion channel. In the present study purification, labeling and biological evaluation of M. eupeus venom are described. For separation, soluble venom was loaded on a chromatography column packed with Sephadex G-50 gel. Subsequently, the fractions were collected according to UV absorption at a wavelength of 280 nm. Toxic fraction (F3) was loaded on an anionic ion exchanger resin and then on a cationic resin. Finally, toxic subfractions F3.1.6 and F3.1.9 were labeled with 99m Tc and injected into normal mice to distinguish excretion pathway. The venom toxic fraction was successfully obtained in its purified form. Radiolabeling of toxic fractions was performed at high specific activity with radiochemical purity of more than 97 and 95% respectively for F3.1.6 and F3.1.9. Biodistribution studies in normal mice with two toxic fractions usually show rapid clearance of the compounds from blood and tissue except for kidneys. Since tissue distribution studies are very important for clinical purpose, the present findings suggest that 99m Tc labeling of venom is a useful tool for in vivo studies and comprises an excellent approach to monitoring the process of biodistribution and kinetics of toxins.

Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals the activity of the PLA2 family members in Androctonus crassicauda (Scorpionida: Buthidae) venom gland

“…Cytosolic PLA2 is a Ca 2+ ‐regulated enzyme characterized by the presence of a C2 domain in the N‐terminal region; the C2 domains are membrane‐docking modules that appear in a diverse set of proteins whose function is regulated by calcium 20. It has been investigated that this enzyme is translocated to its site of action, lipid membranes, in response to an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration induced by cell damage or many pathobiological conditions such as exposure to toxins 22,44,45 …”

Determination of median effective dose (ED50) of scorpion antivenom against scorpion envenomation using a newly developed formula

“…Bio‐distribution of two purified toxic fractions of M. eupeus toxin in mice show rapid clearance of the compounds from blood and tissue, except for the kidneys, signifying that M. eupeus toxicity may not last long in the body. Dissociation of the toxin‐channel complex during depolarization is determined by the difference between electrical energies of the activated states of normal and toxin‐modified channels .…”

Scorpion Venom as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides: Overview of Biomolecule Separation, Analysis and Characterization Methods

“…Previously, IEX was used as a single fractionation step to isolate a target protein [ 65 ]. Nowadays, IEX is more frequently used in bio-guided fractionation with continuous chromatographic separation techniques in order to purify venom proteins and peptides with an improved resolution [ 66 , 67 ]. For example, SEC has been followed by IEX using a diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose column to purify a fraction enriched in hyaluronidase activity from Palamneus gravimanus venom.…”

“…Alternatively, it can be followed by two IEX steps: an AEX and a CEX. IEX can also be applied as an intermediate separation step, for instance, between an SEC and an RP-HPLC, to identify the toxic fractions, simplifying, therefore, the research for envenomation antibodies [ 66 , 68 ].…”