Comparison of Balance, Reaction Time, Attention and Bmi Values in Individual and Team Sports

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate static and dynamic balance, reaction time, attention and BMI values at the athletes being in the individual and team sport. 78 individual athletes (karate 17, judo 15, Gymnastics 14, table tennis 12, wrestling 20) and 58 team athletes (handball 23, basketball 13, volleyball 10, football 12) with formal licensed and average ages 13.08±1.36 years were participated as voluntarily. For demographic characteristics, participants have filled in questionnaires and Bass Stick static balance, Y dynamic balance, Nelson hand reaction time and D2 attention test were applied. First, we have applied the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of the data, the normal distribution is observed and then independent t test was used. In order to see the relationship between data, Pearson’s correlation test was applied. The average sporting age of participants was 4.32 ± 1.87 years, height 1.59 ± 0.11m, body weight 50.18 ± 12.74 kg and per week training time 10.33 ± 4.41 hours. In addition, their BMI values were​19.49 ± 3.10 kg/m2 which is in the normal range, i.e., no difference between individual and team athletes was observed. It has been observed that for individual athletes, total number of items is 525.42 ± 108.29, total number of errors is 454.04 ± 105.86, concentration performance is 182.14 ± 62.53, reaction rime is 0.29 ± 0.06 sec, static balance is 7.10 ± 4.49 sec, dynamic balance is 208.37 ± 32.20 cm. On the other hand, for team athletes, these values were 500.59 ± 79.70, 382.31 ± 93.60, 168.35 ± 56.51, 0.26 ± 0.05 sec, 5.68 ± 2.67 sec and 187.15 ± 29.99 cm, respectively. 
 
 We have found that while age increased the static and dynamic balance increased, but training time increased solely the dynamic balance increased. In addition, when taking into account the static and dynamic balance, it has been observed that the individual athletes were better than the team athletes but for the reaction time was contrary, i.e., team athletes were better than the individual ones.

Optimization of body balance indices according to Body Mass Index categories during physical education lessons for university students

“…The type of sport practiced influences the values of balance. Higher values in the balance tests of young Turkish athletes who are involved in individual sports (karate, gymnastics, judo, table tennis) compared to those involved in team games (basketball, volleyball, handball), as well as the increase the performance of the dynamic balance as age increases are identified by Turkeri et al [46]. A program of balance exercises applied to children (10-12 years), for 8 weeks x 3 sessions per week generated superior performance in the Flamingo test, but also the speed and agility tests [47].…”

Historical, theoretical and methodological aspects related to static balance analysis: an integrative review of literature

“…Individual characteristics refer to morphological, physiological, and neurological attributes. Several studies aim to assess factors that can interfere with postural control, such as height, body mass, body mass index (BMI), age, gender, lower limb strength, injury history, neuromuscular impairments, foot morphology, gait type, fatigue, among others (AKIL et al, 2016;ASHKEZARI;SEIDI;ALIZADEH, 2017;CHIARI;ROCCHI;CAPELLO, 2002;KEJONEN;KAURANEN;VANHARANTA, 2003, TURKERI et al, 2019TSAI;MERCER;GROSS, 2006). Injury histories and neuromuscular impairments are typically identified through questionnaires, while other variables are measured quantitatively.…”

Effect of a Strategic Physical Activity Program on Cognitive Flexibility among Children with Internet Addiction: A Pilot Study

“…Moreover, effective performance also requires communication, cooperation, and teamwork. As a team sport in which each player has a specific task according to their position on the court, it also requires attention while playing with teammates and opponents [ 22 ]. Previous studies have found that the motor competence of young basketball players was positively correlated with cognition (a denomination task and a visuo-spatial working memory task) and motor manual sequencing (ball skills and manual dexterity tasks) [ 23 , 24 ].…”