The context of the COVID-19 pandemic required the implementation of special measures to ensure the continuity and quality of teaching in higher education. The study presented here aims to identify the differences of opinion between the age categories of students in the first year of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati, Romania, regarding teaching, learning and assessment activities on online platforms. A total of 147 students divided into three age groups (under 20 years, 20–30 years and over 30 years) filled out a questionnaire composed of items with closed and free answers, structured on four factors (attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency), after participating in the online teaching and evaluation act during the first semester of the academic year 2020–2021. Multivariate and univariate tests were applied, identifying the influence of the independent age variable on the dependent variables (aspects measured by the items of the questionnaire). Values were obtained at significant thresholds of F for some of the investigated aspects: boredom induced by online activities, stress value, participation, involvement, motivation and adaptation to the online program, usefulness and quality of teaching process, value of professional training and involvement in disruptive activities. The analysis of the differences between the average scores of the items for the pairs formed by age categories highlighted insignificant values between those under 20 and those aged 20–30, but multiple significant differences between the group of those over 30 and the other two groups. The centralization of free answers by environment (rural and urban) identified the advantages perceived by the students about the online activities (increasing the amount of free time, low financial costs, high accessibility, personal learning pace), the reported disadvantages (technical problems, low concentration, poor socialization) and contradictory proposals to improve activities (continuing online, returning to classical teaching, simplifying the subject, using video materials, involving all students in activities). The paper aims to evaluate the performance of teaching activities performed in the first year of study for the students of physical education and sports, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, involving questionnaires validated by the specialty center at the university. The analysis of the results highlighted a series of extremely important aspects that have a role in the future design of activities and courses.

The purpose of this study, which contains historical data recorded over a period of 40 years, was to identify the main factors that influence and control the level of wood mass production. The main reason was to optimize the management of forest areas and was driven by the necessity to identify factors that can influence most of the volume produced by coniferous forests located in southeast Europe. The data was collected between1980 and 2005 at the National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, for forests located in the Southern Carpathians, Romania. The studied data refer to the parameters that model forest structure for spruce, fir, pine, and larch. These are the main resinous species found in the Southern Carpathians. The total area covered by these forests is 143,431 ha. At the forest species level, the analysis consists of 16,162 records (corresponding to the elements of the trees), covering an area of 45,008 ha for fir, 4711 ha for larch, 81,995 ha for spruce, and 11,717 ha for pine. The aim of this research has been to investigate and to assess the impact and magnitude of abiotic factors such as altitude and field aspect on forest structures from the main resinous stands located in the Southern Carpathians. Taking into account the size of the database as well as the duration for collecting data, a complete statistical and systematic approach was considered optimum. This resulted from our wish to emphasize and evaluate the influence of each analysed factor on the wood mass production level. The relationship between abiotic factors and forest structure has been analysed by using a systematic statistical approach in order to provide a useful theoretical reference for the improvement of forest management practices in the context of multiple climatic, environmental, and socio-economic challenges. These common characteristics have been found by applying ANOVA and multivariate statistical methods such as PCA and FA methods. A series of parameters were considered in this investigation, namely altitude (ALT), forest site type (TS), forest type (TP), consistency (CONS) etc. In order to obtain a complete image, we have also applied multivariate analysis methods that emphasize the effect size for each database parameter. At such a level of recorded data, the statistical approach ensures a factor level of p <0.001 while the accuracy in evaluating effect size is increased. As such, they influence the spreading and structure of the studied resinous stands to a higher degree, regardless of species.

The paper identifies the perceptions of first-year undergraduate students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Galati on online teaching activities, dominant and needful in the current pandemic context. The questionnaire used contains 23 items and was structured based on four distinctive factors, namely attractiveness, accessibility, motivation and efficiency; it was applied after the winter session of the academic year 2020–2021. The values of the internal consistency coefficient Cronbach’s alpha indicate for the four mentioned factors a high fidelity for the measurements of the investigated features. The results of the 147 completed questionnaires allowed the definition of the independent variables sex (boys and girls) and environment of origin (rural and urban) the identification of their influence on the scores of each item (dependent variables) by using the statistical technique MANOVA (multivariate and univariate analysis), besides the values of F and the corresponding significance thresholds; the magnitude of the effect, expressed by partial eta squared (Ƞ2p), was also calculated. Even if the averages of item scores differ between sexes and backgrounds, the differences noted are in few cases significant: attractiveness and socialization for those in urban areas; participation in activities and effective involvement for girls; technical deficiencies, platform logging and weak computer skills for those in rural areas; and an increase in free time for girls and students in urban areas. The study undertaken allows the identification of the favorable aspects and the shortcomings of online teaching activities, these being the premises for optimizing the teaching process in the following stages.

We have lived in an era in sports history in which due to the intensity of the confrontations between athletes, disorders manifested by headaches, shoulder, pelvis and knee aches etc. appear more often. The performers during puberty require special attention on their morpho – functional development from the kynesiotherapist who is part of the multidisciplinary team, due to many transformations of the human body specific at this age category. 13 juniors female athletes have participated to the study, being assessed anthropometric, plantar pressures and posture with softwear FreeStep by Sensor Medica, biomechanical analysis and from technical & tactical point of view by 5 tests with DartFish 360S. Within the statistical – mathematical analysis, we have used Pearson correlation coefficient which favoured the identification of the strongest correlations resulted from the technical – tactical - anthropometric – plantar pressures and postural unbalances (r > 1.00 at test 1 and r > 0.84 at test 2). Assumption: It is assumed that by using established methods and means to assess postural deficiencies and to assess the level of consolidation of the topspin attack, we can identify the correlations between them which would facilitate the creation in the future of an efficient postural improvement program. The goal is to improve the quality of life and sports performance in junior female table tennis players. The conclusions of this study demonstrate the fact that the mobility of the spine in frontal plan, high thoracic elasticity and an increased lateral mobility on the opposite side of the active arm represent advantages intended to optimize the attack by topspin, while the supraponderability, the pain in lumber area and the shoulder’s asymmetry constitute disruptive factors of attack’s performance. Keywords: plantar pressures, postural unbalances, baropodometric platforms, topsin attack efficiency, dartfish 360s,

Background: Postural skills are fundamental in motor activities, so far no evidence of a direct relationship has been found, it is therefore recommended to consider the following directions, the higher the level of sports competition, the better the body posture; or better athletes also have a better body posture. Around the age of 11-14 years, it is a period of aggressive development, if the rapid growth of the bone system is not associated and symmetrical with the development of soft tissues serious postural deficiencies may develop in table tennis players. Methods: We used the web camera – photographic method (38) related to the Sensor Medica software that allows the acquisition of images in order to detect postural deficiencies and we considered it necessary to have a clear image of the level of technical-tactical training of female juniors III using 5 tests specific to topspin attack in order to assess the influence of body posture on such tests. Eighteen female juniors III (the mean ± SD age, height and weight were 11.1 ± 0.2 years, 147.7 ± 2.6 cm, 39.0 ± 2.0 kg). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the procedures for establishing the normality of data distribution, Levene's Test for Equality of Variances, the t test for independent samples. The confidence interval was set at 95% (p < 0.05), Results and Conclusions: Since Sig. (2-tailed) or p < α = 0.001 and taking into account that the confidence interval limits for the difference between the sample mean and the reference value (95% CI for the mean difference) do not contain the zero value, it is accepted that there are statistically significant differences between the shoulder inclination for the female athletes in the sample studied and the reference value. We identified that at the level of alignment between anatomical landmarks, the percentage of deficiency of the entire lot of female juniors III in the case of shoulders is 100% and at the level of PSIS is 66%, which validates several studies that stated that in this period of aggressive growth correlated with repetitive unilateral executions specific to the topspin attack lead to postural deficiencies. In terms of the influence of body posture on the quality level, we identified that Group 1 – (without PSIS imbalance) has a higher average overall efficiency of the 5 tests (11.33) compared to Group 2 (8.58), even if from a statistical point of view these differences are not significant. Keywords: Body posture, Asimmetry, Topspin attack, Table tennis, Sensor Medica,

The physical activities corresponding to the practical disciplines – taught throughout the 3 years of study for the bachelor’s degree university cycle within the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports of Galați – consist of various elements of the general and specific motric capacity, in order to cope with the respective physical demands. The study performed by the students of the Ist year is aimed at identifying the evolution of thiscomplementary motric amplitude, as a result of the direct influence exercised by the 6 practical disciplines subject to study. The outcomes achieved – analysed and interpreted differently gender wise – identify the limited and sometimes insignificant progress of the main tests used in evaluating the flexibility of the lower body muscles, thus proving that there is not any representative building-up throughout the study performed, but only a linearity of the already existing level.

No abstract

Introduction. The planning and development process of motor qualities-also encountered in the domain-specific literature under the name of motor skills, psychomotor skills, physical qualities, motor abilities-represents a priority for the training process, regardless of the education cycle in which students are enrolled. The approach of motor skills-within PE classes-is not a favourite subject for teachers because, on the one hand, the provisions of the specialized planning documents do not allocate too many content elements specific to motor skills and, on the other hand, because class activities focus on forming and applying the locomotion, manipulation, balance motor skills and the motor skills which are specific to sports games, to gymnastics, to box jumping, to athletics trials etc. The physical training process is, thus, considered a background element, a frequent argument in favour of this being that motor skills are favourably and indirectly influenced by this assimilation and application process of different motor skills, without taking into account the fact that these options are often by far less productive in comparison with the physical training indicators obtained by means of a number of PE classes that are especially focused on strength, resistance or speed. Physical training deficiencies usually also mean unwanted delays in the motor learning process and significantly restrict the students' Спортивная тренировка