“…The characteristic peaks appearing around 36.4, 42.3, 43.2, 50.4, 61.4, and 74.1° in the green phase are indexed to (111) of Cu 2 O, (200) of Cu 2 O, (111) of Cu, (200) of Cu, (220) of Cu 2 O, and (220) of Cu, respectively. The XRD peaks located around 32.7, 35.4, 38.6, and 43.2° for brown phase particles are attributed to the (110) of CuO, (002) of CuO, (111) of CuO, and (111) of Cu, respectively. − The black phase is dominated by the presence of Cu (111), reflecting the preferred orientation together with the various crystalline variants of CuO and Cu. However, in the green phase, various crystalline forms of Cu 2 O are observed, but the same crystalline variants of CuO revert in the brown phase.…”