The experimental observation of Peregrine solitons in a multicomponent plasma with the critical concentration of negative ions is reported. A slowly amplitude modulated perturbation undergoes self-modulation and gives rise to a high amplitude localized pulse. The measured amplitude of the Peregrine soliton is 3 times the nearby carrier wave amplitude, which agrees with the theory. The numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation is compared with the experimental results.
The collision between two counterpropagating dust acoustic solitary waves in a strongly coupled dusty plasma has been observed. The measured velocity and width of the solitary wave agree with the solution of the Korteweg-de Vries equation derived by using the generalized hydrodynamic model. The two counterpropagating solitary waves of equal amplitude merge into a single pulse with twice the individual soliton amplitude and then pass through each other. The solitons suffer a small time delay in propagation after collision. The measured delay time obtained from their trajectories is also presented.
Two-dimensional propagation and oblique collision of modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) ion-acoustic solitons in a plasma with negative ions have been investigated experimentally. At a critical concentration of negative ions, both compressive and rarefractive mKdV solitons exhibit a resonance interaction at a particular amplitude when the colliding angle is fixed. The amplitude is found to be equal for both compressive and rarefractive solitons. The collided solitons suffer a positive phase shift during the interaction. The new solitons formed during the resonant interaction are found to obey the energy and momentum conservation laws of the mKdV solitons for three-wave interaction.
The nonlinear evolution of ion-acoustic waves in a multi-component plasma with negative ions has been studied experimentally using a double-plasma device. At a critical concentration of negative ions the phase velocity of the ion- acoustic waves increases with the wave amplitude, and the wave has negative dispersion, which show that the wave satisfies Lighthill's condition. The initial small modulation in amplitude is found to grow spatially. The observed phenomena are compared with the relevant theory using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The fluid equations are integrated to confirm the validity of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
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