Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome (Cobactan 2.5%) following Repeated Intramuscular Administrations in Sheep and Goats

Abstract

The comparative pharmacokinetic profile of cefquinome was studied in sheep and goats following repeated intramuscular (IM) administrations of 2 mg/kg body weight. Cefquinome concentrations in serum were determined by microbiological assay technique using Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 9341) as test organism. Following intramuscular injection of cefquinome in sheep and goats, the disposition curves were best described by two-compartment open model in both sheep and goats. The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome did not differ significantly between sheep and goats; similar intramuscular dose rate of cefquinome should therefore be applicable to both species. On comparing the data of serum levels of repeated intramuscular injections with first intramuscular injection, it was revealed that repeated intramuscular injections of cefquinome have cumulative effect in both species sheep and goats. The in vitro serum protein-binding tendency was 15.65% in sheep and 14.42% in goats. The serum concentrations of cefquinome along 24 h after injection in this study were exceeding the MICs of different susceptible microorganisms responsible for serious disease problems. These findings indicate successful use of cefquinome in sheep and goats.

Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome after single and repeated subcutaneous administrations in sheep

“…The present study did not reveal any clinical evidence of adverse drug reactions as systemic and in the injection site such as pain, lameness, and redness following single and repeated SC administrations of CFQ. These results are consistent with the results of repeated IM injections in the sheep (El-Hewaity et al, 2014;Rana, Sadariya, & Thaker, 2015).…”

“…These data indicate that CFQ accumulates gradually in the body following SC administration at every 24 hr during 5 days. Also, CFQ has accumulated in the body following IM administration at 24 hr intervals during 3 days in sheep (El‐Hewaity et al., ) and in goats (El‐Hewaity et al., ; Hamed, Mahmoud, & Altohamy, ).…”

“…These data indicate that CFQ accumulates gradually in the body following SC administration at every 24 hr during 5 days. Also, CFQ has accumulated in the body following IM administration at 24 hr intervals during 3 days in sheep (El-Hewaity et al, 2014) and in goats (El-Hewaity et al, 2014;Hamed, Mahmoud, & Altohamy, 2016). Staphylococcus aureus are the most common micro-organisms isolated from sheep with pneumonia and sub-clinical abscess (Bell, 2008;Musa, Babiker, Eltom, Rodwan, & El Sanousi, 2012).…”

“…Cefquinome following intramuscular administration in sheep has shown the favorable pharmacokinetic properties such as high bioavailability and long elimination half-life (El-Hewaity, Abd El Latif, Soliman, & Aboubakr, 2014;Tohamy, 2011;Uney, Altan, & Elmas, 2011). This makes it suitable for wider dosing intervals in sheep for the labeled micro-organisms.…”

Unique Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Parameters of Antimicrobials in Goats

“…A combination of ampicillin/sulbactam (20 mg/kg) in ratio 2:1 was administered to goat with elimination half-life of ampicillin (0.71 AE 0.12 h), and sulbactam (1.02 AE 0.36 h) shows that the preparation could be administered at the same dosing rate in both sheep and goats [67]. Also, intramuscular dose (2 mg/kg) of cefquinome (Cobactan 2.5%) daily yielded effective MICs against a variety of susceptible pathogenic microbes of goat including Micrococcus luteus [68]. Serum concentration and AUC integrated with MIC values can predict clinical success.…”