“…Necessary process skills are recording data, classifying, measuring, communicating, observing, using the space-time relationship between numbers and space, estimating (predicting), and drawing conclusions (Marjanah et al, 2021). Integrated process skills are: hypothesizing, determining/controlling variables, interpreting data, designing/conducting experiments, modeling, and defining operationally (Kalemkuş et al, 2021). Many reports on learning science emphasized that students should not only gain conceptual and quantitative information but also need to develop science process skills such as hypothesizing, designing experiments and making conclusions based on data and observations, and working with other people as a team to solve complex and open-ended problems.…”