Comparative analysis of neuroprotective activity of new chemical agent Vp and piracetam

Abstract

The effect of new agent Vp (9-butylamine-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroacridine-1(2H) hydrochloride) on lifetime of isolated mechanoreceptive crayfish neurons was evaluated by the duration of its impulse activity. Vp significantly and dose-dependently prolonged the lifetime of both spontaneously degrading neurons and neurons degrading under conditions of inhibition of various stages of the energy metabolism: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The effect of Vp in a concentration of 10(-7) M surpassed that of amiridine. Piracetam also prolonged the lifetime of spontaneously degrading neurons, but only in very high concentration (10(-2) M). It is concluded that Vp possesses a neuroprotective activity.

Protective effect of rutin on cognitive impairment caused by phenytoin

“…The mechanism by which PIM shows its nootropic effect is still under research scholars’ consideration and same is the case with rutin. For PIM, a number of mechanisms have been advocated such as an enhancement of oxidative glycolysis,[ 21 ] an effect on the Ca 2+ channels,[ 22 ] and an effect on the cholinergic system,[ 21 ] but in case of rutin, no such supportive data is available except for oxidative glycolysis[ 23 ] some data also says for its involvement in cholinergic system. The latter is important in the process of learning and memory.…”

Neuroprotective effects of Lepidium meyenii (Maca)

“…Although reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H 2 O 2 , are produced by normal metabolic processes, overproduction may result in oxidative‐stress injuries that damage the integrity of cell function causing subsequent death by either necrosis or apoptosis 10 . Under optimal conditions in cell culture, without oxidative stressors, the crayfish neurons assume appropriate dendritic shapes, extending and forming synapses with their surrounding neurons 59,63 . When oxidative stressors are applied these neurons lose their dendrites and transform into spherical shapes, suggesting a reversion to an undifferentiated state.…”

“…10 Under optimal conditions in cell culture, without oxidative stressors, the crayfish neurons assume appropriate dendritic shapes, extending and forming synapses with their surrounding neurons. 59,63 When oxidative stressors are applied these neurons lose their dendrites and transform into spherical shapes, suggesting a reversion to an undifferentiated state. Microscopic evaluations and cellular viability assays revealed a reduction in H 2 O 2 -induced stress in cells treated with the pentane extract.…”

“…The crayfish neuronal cells were cultured in minimum essential medium (MEM, Sigma‐Aldrich) supplemented with sodium bicarbonate (2.2 g/L, Sigma‐Aldrich), HEPES (9.52 g/L, Sigma‐Aldrich), sodium pyruvate (0.11 g/L, Sigma‐Aldrich), and 10% fetal bovine serum (ATCC). The pH of the supplemented base media was then adjusted to 6.8 59 …”