“…Ambiguity about past and planned amounts of FX intervention and desired exchange rates may help a central bank counter or prevent coordinated speculative attacks. This is in contrast to communication about the monetary policy framework in the form of an inflation target, and in contrast to communication about the policy rate (for surveys, see Blinder, Ehrmann, Fratzscher, de Haan, & Jansen, ; Moessner, Jansen, & De Haan, ), where no such adverse effects from speculative attacks are present.…”