One important development in the recent time-series literature is the examination of non linear adjustment mechanisms. Much of the impetus for this interest stems from a large number of studies showing that key macroeconomic variables such as real GDP, unemployment, and industrial production display asymmetric adjustment over the course of the business cycle. For example, Neftci (1984), Falk (1986), DeLong and Summers (1988), Terasvirta and Anderson (1992), Sichel (1993), Beaudry and Koop (1993), Potter (1995), Ramsey and Rothman (1996) and Bradley and Jensen (1997) ABSTRACT Cointegration among interest rates for instruments with different maturities has been widely tested with mixed results. This paper proposes an extension to the Engle-Granger testing strategy by permitting asymmetry in the adjustment toward equilibrium in two different ways. We demonstrate that our test has good power and size properties over the Engle-Granger test when there are asymmetric departures fi-om equilibrium. Empirical tests using US yields confirm the asymmetric nature of error correction among interest rates of different maturities.JEL Classifications: E43, C22, C50

the 31st SUERF Colloquium and Baffi Finlawmetrics Conference in Milan (June 2014). Comments on earlier drafts by Oyvind, Eitrheim, Marc Flandreau, Peter Ireland, Lars Jonung, Josh Hausman, Athanasios Orphanides, and Eugene White, are gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to our discussant, Lars Svensson, for insightful comments as well as participants at the Norges Bank Conference and other conferences. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. At least one co-author has disclosed a financial relationship of potential relevance for this research. Further information is available online at http://www.nber.org/papers/w20824.ack NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

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We investigate the hypothesis that some participants in mature and emerging stock markets engage in feedback trading. The analysis is based on the Shiller-Sentana-Wadhwani model, which has the attractive property that it yields testable implications about the presence of positive and negative feedback traders in stock markets. In addition, the Shiller-Sentana-Wadhwani model is particularly well-suited to investigate whether momentum type behaviour might be present during periods of large stock market downturns. This theoretical framework, together with asymmetric GARCH-type models, allows us to draw conclusions whether differences exist between mature and emerging stock markets in terms of the degree of feedback trading as well as the behaviour of traders during stock market crashes.

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