Combined effects of milling and calcination methods on the characteristics of nanocrystalline barium titanate

A Comprehensive Review on Barium Titanate Nanoparticles as a Persuasive Piezoelectric Material for Biomedical Applications: Prospects and Challenges

“…Further thermal treatments (at 800-1000 °C) may be required, usually to convert cubic into tetragonal BaTiO 3 NPs. [142][143][144]147,156,161,166] They are necessary in the case of the sol-gel approach. They also allow to eliminate BaCO 3 often present in the as-prepared samples.…”

“…Nowadays, BaTiO 3 NPs can be produced through several synthetic routes such as co-precipitation, [140][141][142][143][144][145][146] sol-gel methods, [89,[147][148][149][150][151][152] hydrothermal, [146,150,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159] and solvothermal [160] synthesis, and high-energy milling [144,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167] (Figure 4).…”

“…Concerning mechanical activation, wet and dry millings can be considered. In the Sundararajan et al study, [ 161 ] BaTiO 3 NPs were synthesized using high‐energy planetary milling approach under wet and dry conditions. Then, the milled powders were calcined at 1000 °C by microwave and conventional heating.…”

Effect of polyethylene glycol on BaTiO 3 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal preparation

“…The effects of the PEG concentration on the lattice parameters of the samples are listed in Table 1. The average crystallite size is calculated from the FWHM of the (110) diffraction peak using the well‐known Debye–Scherrer formula [28]. It can be seen that lattice parameters (∼4.01 Å) and the average crystallite size (32.9 nm) of BT NPs without PEG are much smaller than those parameters of BT with PEG.…”

Characteristics of BaTiO3–carbon nanotube composite synthesised by mechanical milling

“…[2][3][4][5] Barium titanate (BT) is an important ferroelectric material and it has been used for multilayer ceramic capacitor applications because of its excellent dielectric properties. 6,7 In recent years, research interest has been focused towards the synthesis of barium titanate based composite materials. These composites have shown an improvement in the dielectric properties.…”