A Comprehensive Review on Barium Titanate Nanoparticles as a Persuasive Piezoelectric Material for Biomedical Applications: Prospects and Challenges

Abstract

Stimulation of cells with electrical cues is an imperative approach to interact with biological systems and has been exploited in clinical practices over a wide range of pathological ailments. This bioelectric interface has been extensively explored with the help of piezoelectric materials, leading to remarkable advancement in the past two decades. Among other members of this fraternity, colloidal perovskite barium titanate (BaTiO3) has gained substantial interest due to its noteworthy properties which includes high dielectric constant and excellent ferroelectric properties along with acceptable biocompatibility. Significant progression is witnessed for BaTiO3 nanoparticles (BaTiO3 NPs) as potent candidates for biomedical applications and in wearable bioelectronics, making them a promising personal healthcare platform. The current review highlights the nanostructured piezoelectric bio interface of BaTiO3 NPs in applications comprising drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices. Particular attention has been dedicated toward the fabrication routes of BaTiO3 NPs along with different approaches for its surface modifications. This review offers a comprehensive discussion on the utility of BaTiO3 NPs as active devices rather than passive structural unit behaving as carriers for biomolecules. The employment of BaTiO3 NPs presents new scenarios and opportunity in the vast field of nanomedicines for biomedical applications.

Structural and physical properties of Sr‐based 3d–5d double perovskites of Sr2Fe0.5Hf1.5O6−δ oxides

“…Perovskite oxides with the general formula of ABO 3 display a wide spectrum of intriguing functional properties such as dielectric, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, multiferroic, ferromagnetic (FM), and half-metallic (HM) properties, which enable them to find promising applications in the fields of ferroelectric/magnetic random access memories, multilayer ceramic capacitors, transducers, sensors and actuators, and the potential new types of multiple-state memories and spintronic devices controlled by electric and magnetic fields. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] For example, perovskite-type SrHfO 3 (SHO) is a promising high-κ gate dielectrics for use in microwave ceramic resonators, capacitors, memories, complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor, and metaloxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs), owing to its excellent physical and electrical properties. [8][9][10][11][12] It is reported that the SHO oxide has a high dielectric constant (κ = 21), a semiconductor bandgap (E g = 6.10 eV), and a lower gate leakage current, which is superior to that of SrTiO 3 (E g = 3.50 eV).…”

Enhanced Piezoelectric, Ferroelectric, and Electrostrictive Properties of Lead‐Free (1‐x)BCZT‐(x)BCST Electroceramics with Energy Harvesting Capability

“…[10,[18][19][20] Furthermore, BaTiO 3 based piezoelectric materials readily exhibit biocompatibility and proved to be valuable for biomedical applications. [21,22] In fact, in recent years, significant developments were made using BT-nanoparticles (BT-NPs) as potential candidates for biomedical applications, including wearable bioelectronics, making them a promising personal healthcare platform. [21,22] The piezoelectric biointerface coupling of BT-NPs are expected contribute significantly to the future applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices.…”

“…[21,22] In fact, in recent years, significant developments were made using BT-nanoparticles (BT-NPs) as potential candidates for biomedical applications, including wearable bioelectronics, making them a promising personal healthcare platform. [21,22] The piezoelectric biointerface coupling of BT-NPs are expected contribute significantly to the future applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices. [21,22] Barium titanate and BaTiO 3 -based compounds are part of the perovskite ABO 3 structured family with the space group (P4mm).…”

“…[21,22] The piezoelectric biointerface coupling of BT-NPs are expected contribute significantly to the future applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, bioelectronics, and wearable devices. [21,22] Barium titanate and BaTiO 3 -based compounds are part of the perovskite ABO 3 structured family with the space group (P4mm). Here, A is a divalent cation (Ba 2+ , Ca 2+ , etc.)…”

“…[25][26][27][28][29] Intrinsic or pure BaTiO 3 , on the other hand, has piezoelectric properties that fall short of those of the well-known Pb-based piezoelectric materials, which restricts their use in sensors, actuators, and transducer devices. [5,11,20] However, enhanced piezoelectric properties and performance can be derived by the replacement of Ba (A-site) and/or Ti (B-site) of the BaTiO 3 (ABO 3 ) perovskite structure with suitable cations, [20][21][22][23][24] thanks to the ability and adaptability of BaTiO 3 . Therefore, currently, there is enormous interest and many research efforts are concentrated on modifying BaTiO 3 by replacing Ti 4+ with tetravalent metal ions (e.g., Zr 4+ , Sn 4+ ) and Ba 2+ with divalent cations (e.g., Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ ).…”