Colorectal neuroendocrine tumors: A case series

Warsinggih,; Liliyanto,; Prihantono, Prihantono; G, Ariani

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.06.030

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Exclusion criteria were damaged blood samples or malignancy in another organ (i.e., synchronous tumor). Stages of CRC were determined with reference to the American Joint Committee on Cancer's 2017 TNM staging system [ 12 ], whereas grades of differentiation were determined based on the grading of the World Health Organization [ 6 , 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Indonesia, GLOBOCAN data show that in 2018, of all types of cancer, CRC had an incidence of 12.8 per 100,000 cases of cancer [ [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Location aside, epidemiological studies have shown that inflammatory bowel disease is a strong risk factor for CRC, because proinflammatory cytokines released from the immune system invade the microenvironment of the intestine and control the initiation and growth of tumors [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in plasma with the stage and differentiation of colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study in East Indonesia

Hidayat

Labeda

Sampetoding

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Introduction Tumors most often develop due to inflammatory factors, including inflammatory cells that produce cytokines and cytotoxic mediators that can stimulate malignant transformation. Knowing that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) factor into the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), we aimed to assess IL-6 and CRP's relationship with the stage and differentiation of CRC. Methods In a sample of 46 patients with CRC, as confirmed by histopathological examination, plasma levels of IL-6 and CRP were measured from peripheral venous blood samples before surgery and examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Most patients were male (63.0%) and at least 50 years old (73.9%). A positive correlation emerged between stage of CRC and both plasma IL-6 ( r = 0.396, p = .003) and CRP ( r = 0.376, p = .005) levels, which the Kruskal–Wallis test indicated were highest in stage IV (IL-6: median = 25.80, p = .019; CRP: median = 34.10, p = .040). Plasma IL-6 levels (median = 25.80, p = .019) were higher in well-differentiated CRC, whereas plasma CRP levels (median = 34.10, p = .040] were higher in poorly differentiated tissue. Linear plotting revealed a linear relationship between plasma IL-6 and plasma CRP levels in patients with CRC. Conclusion Because the stage of CRC significantly correlates with plasma IL-6 and CRP levels, IL-6 and CRP can serve as diagnostic factors in assessing the progress and prognosis of CRC.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in plasma with the stage and differentiation of colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study in East Indonesia

Hidayat

Labeda

Sampetoding

et al. 2021

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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“…In the United States the incidence of colon and rectum NENs is, respectively, 0.3 and 1.1 per 100,000 people, and unfortunately these numbers have been increasing in the past decades. Colonic NENs are more common in women in the United States, and rectal NENs have highest incidence among Asians and black people [111,112]. NENs of the rectum, appendix, and colon comprise 20%, 16%, and 11%, respectively; thus, NENs of the large intestine represent nearly half of all gastrointestinal NEN cases [73].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours – an overview

Maciejewski¹,

Buchalska²,

Solnik³

et al. 2022

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Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) belong to a group of various tumours that can arise on many internal organs. Among NENs a large class of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) can be distinguished, which comprise neoplasms arising from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Therefore, this review provides the current status of the World Health Organization classification of GEP-NETs as well as an overview of their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment methods. GEP-NETs are generally divided into 5 groups: pancreatic NETs (PanNETs), gastric NETs (G-NETs), duodenal NETs (D-NETs), jejunoileal NETs (Je-Ile NETs), and neuroendocrine neoplasms of the large intestine. Moreover, in each group several subtypes have been introduced according to cell differentiation, mitotic rate, and Ki-67 index. Low-and intermediate-grade GEP-NETs are well differentiated, have a mitotic rate under 20, and a Ki-67 index under 20%. High-grade GEP-NETs, however, are characterized by poor differentiation, mitotic rate over 20, and Ki-67 index over 20%. StreszczenieNowotwory neuroendokrynne (NENs) obejmują różnorodne guzy, które mogą powstać w obrębie wielu narządów wewnętrznych. Pośród NENs można wyszczególnić klasę nowotworów neuroendokrynnych trzustki i przewodu pokarmowego, określanych wspólnie jako GEP-NETs. Obecne kryteria klasyfikacji GEP-NETs są nieprecyzyjne i różnią się pomiędzy różnymi źródłami, dlatego celem pracy przeglądowej było opisanie jednoznacznych kryteriów diagnostycznych zaproponowanych przez WHO. Ponadto w artykule zawarto przegląd literatury dotyczący objawów, metod diagnostycznych oraz leczenia GEP--NETs. GEP-NETs zostały podzielone na pięć następujących klas: nowotwory neuroendokrynne trzustki (PanNETs), żołądka (G-NETs), dwunastnicy (D-NETs), jelita cienkiego i krętego (Je-Ile NETs) oraz jelita grubego. W każdej klasie wyróżniono kilka podgrup, opierając się na stopniu zróżnicowania komórek nowotworu, wskaźniku mitotycznym oraz wartości indeksu Ki-67. GEP-NETs niskiego i pośredniego stopnia zaawansowania są dobrze zróżnicowane, mają częstość podziałów poniżej 20, a wartość indeksu Ki-67 to poniżej 20%. GEP-NETs o wysokim poziomie zaawansowania cechują się niskim stopniem zróżnicowania komórek, wskaźnikiem mitotycznym powyżej 20 oraz wartością indeksu Ki-67 powyżej 20%.

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“…There are more than 130 thousand new cases of CRCs in the USA, with more than 49 thousand cases lead to deaths in 2016 [ 4 ]. According to data from the Globocan 2018, the overall incidence rate of CRC in Indonesia was 12.8 per 100,000 adults with 9.5% mortality of all cancer cases in this country [ 2 , 5 ]. Several known causal factors that lead to the ascending trend of CRC and mortality in the developed countries are higher socioeconomic status, dietary behaviors, inappropriate health activities and unhealthy lifestyles among certain populations [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of superoxide dismutase enzyme with staging and grade of differentiation colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study

Warsinggih

Irawan

Labeda

et al. 2020

Annals of Medicine and Surgery

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Introduction The increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) level in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients based on the examination of staging and grade of differentiation still evidently represents a clinical problem. SOD level raises at a certain staging and reduce at a certain grade of differentiation. For that reason, this study aimed to assess the association between SOD and the variables analyzed in this study. Materials and methods This study was observational study using a cross-sectional research design aimed to measure the association between SOD and staging as well as grade of differentiation in CRC incidence. The study was conducted in our institution from January until March 2018. Results Statistical analyses of the data derived from the laboratory indicated that age and histopathological examination (TNM staging) had statistically significant correlation with SOD1 level. This significant correlation was proven from results of the statistical analyses of each variable at p = 0.039 (age) and p = 0.001 (TNM staging) respectively. Subsequent tests concerning the correlation between age and TNM staging on SOD1 level revealed that the study samples in the category of 30–49 age years old showed statistically significant correlation with SOD1 level with p = 0.009. Conclusion The increase of grade of differentiation was proportional to the increase of SOD1 level as antioxidant against cancer in CRC patients.

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Colorectal neuroendocrine tumors: A case series

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Correlation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in plasma with the stage and differentiation of colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study in East Indonesia

Correlation of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels in plasma with the stage and differentiation of colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study in East Indonesia

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours – an overview

Association of superoxide dismutase enzyme with staging and grade of differentiation colorectal cancer: A cross-sectional study

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