Coleta seletiva com inclusão de catadores: construção participativa de indicadores e índices de sustentabilidade

Abstract

In Brazil, in 2008, 994 municipalities (18%) practiced selective waste collection, 66% of them in partnership with waste pickers organized in cooperatives and associations. The increase of municipal initiatives demands an analysis/evaluation related to its performance at the operational level as well as socio-environmental. The construction of indicators and indexes to assess the sustainability of selective waste collection and waste pickers organizations, in a participatory way, represent relevant tools for the consolidation and strengthening of selective waste collection and the organizations. This implied in the identification, development and validation, to strengthen its insertion within the municipal solid waste management system and its interface with social inclusion and public health. The research was based on quantitative and qualitative study, carried out through: 1) implementation of two rounds of questionnaires sent through electronic way to 88 experts within the country, using the Delphi Technique, with a return rate of 67% in the first round, and 72.9% in the second; 2) regional workshops in four cities involving several actors who work with the theme, and 3) workshops with waste pickers organizations, technicians of the municipal government and from a nongovernmental organization. The participants validated two definitions of sustainability, one for the selective waste collection and other for waste pickers organizations. The validation and weighting of indicators enabled the construction of two matrixes of sustainability, to calculate sustainability indexes, with 14 indicators for selective municipal waste collection and 21 for the organizations, with their respective means of calculation and sustainability trends. Two instruments of communication (Radars of Sustainability) were also developed to facilitate the understanding and monitoring by a larger public. The goal is to disseminate these indicators so that they can be implemented by public policies.

Gestão de resíduos sólidos em São Paulo: desafios da sustentabilidade

“…In 653 municipalities, selective collection is operated by the municipality together with waste pickers organized into cooperatives and associations, and in 279 municipalities by individual waste pickers (IBGe, 2010). 4 This growth results especially from federal policy, in which the prevailing selective collection model is based on the municipalities' ability to provide formal selective collection services by hiring waste picker organizations (Besen, 2011;Dias, 2009). However, 8,533 waste pickers were identified, including 152 children below 14 years of age working routinely in about 70 dump sites and / or landfills (SnIS, 2010).…”

“…formed by 39 municipalities, it comprises the state capital and 38 neighboring municipalities, and is responsible for an estimated 6 production of 16,233 tons of solid waste per day, or nearly six million tons per year. This amount corresponds to about 10 percent of the waste collected in the country, and the municipality of São Paulo is responsible for generating more than 62.5 percent of this waste (Besen, 2011).…”

“…Household waste generation per capita in the MRSP is estimated at an average of 0.8 kg / day, whereas in the municipality of São Paulo it is about 1 kg / day (Besen, 2011).…”

“…formal selective collection involved 2,206 waste pickers in these 28 municipalities, of which 1,045 worked in São Paulo and 1,161 in the other 27 cities. Although the percentage of recyclable materials sent to recycling companies by waste picker organizations has increased, most still comes from informal picking carried out in poor conditions in urban streets (Besen, 2011).…”

Indicadores De Sustentabilidade Como Instrumentos Para Avaliação De Programas De Coleta Seletiva De Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos E Sua Aplicação Na Cidade De Salvador-Ba

“…Segundo Besen (2011), na maioria das cidades brasileiras, prevalece a coleta de resíduos sem separação na fonte geradora, fato que dificulta o desenvolvimento da coleta seletiva. Bringhenti (2004), fazendo reflexões sobre a coleta seletiva no Brasil, destaca que os principais enfoques na gestão dos programas são como resgate da cidadania, estratégia de marketing e instrumento de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos.…”