Clocking and Cell Placement for QCA

Vankamamidi, V.; Ottavi, Marco; Lombardi, Fabrizio

doi:10.1109/nano.2006.1717097

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Figure 2b shows the structure of the decatriene molecule [8]; this molecule has three real dots represented by three ethylene groups. The two top dots represent the active dots used to encode the binary information (Dot 1 and Dot 2), while the third central one is related to the clock issue [27] (Dot 3). The length of the molecule is l = 0.6 nm.…”

Section: Background: Molecular Qcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Ardesi

Pulimeno

Graziano

et al. 2018

JLPEA

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Notwithstanding the increasing interest in Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (MQCA) as emerging devices for computation, a characterization of their behavior from an electronic standpoint is not well-stated. Devices are typically analyzed with quantum physics-based approaches which are far from the electronic engineering world and make it difficult to design, simulate and fabricate molecular devices. In this work, we define new figures of merits to characterize the molecules, which are based on the post-processing of results obtained from ab initio simulations. We define the Aggregated Charge (AC), the electric-field generated at the receiver molecule (EFGR), the Vin-Vout and Vin-AC transcharacteristics (VVT and VACT), the Vout maps (VOM) and the MQCA cell working zones (CWZ). These quantities are compatible with an electronic engineering point of view and can be used to analyze the capability of molecules to propagate information. We apply and verify the methodology to three molecules already proposed in the literature for MQCA and we state to which extent these molecules can be effective for computation. The adopted methodology provides the quantitative characterization of the molecules necessary for digital designers, to design digital circuits, and for technologists, to the future fabrication of MQCA devices.

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Section: Background: Molecular Qcamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Ardesi

Pulimeno

Graziano

et al. 2018

JLPEA

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“…Timing/synchronization in QCA is accomplished by the cascaded clocking of four distinct and periodic phases as shown in Figure 1(c) [19]. In the first (switch) phase, the tunnelling barrier between two dots of a QCA cell starts to rise.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Efficient Full Adder in Quantum‐Dot Cellular Automata

Sen

Rajoria

Sikdar

2013

The Scientific World Journal

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Further downscaling of CMOS technology becomes challenging as it faces limitation of feature size reduction. Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA), a potential alternative to CMOS, promises efficient digital design at nanoscale. Investigations on the reduction of QCA primitives (majority gates and inverters) for various adders are limited, and very few designs exist for reference. As a result, design of adders under QCA framework is gaining its importance in recent research. This work targets developing multi-layered full adder architecture in QCA framework based on five-input majority gate proposed here. A minimum clock zone (2 clock) with high compaction (0.01 μm2) for a full adder around QCA is achieved. Further, the usefulness of such design is established with the synthesis of high-level logic. Experimental results illustrate the significant improvements in design level in terms of circuit area, cell count, and clock compared to that of conventional design approaches.

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“…Thus, this latching notion employed in quasi-adiabatic switching functions similarly to a clocked multiplexer [20]. We employ zone-based clocking schemes for the quasi-adiabatic switching regions [20,22], avoiding the spatial issues which result when the clocking regions have the same lateral dimension as the QDs themselves.…”

Section: Matrix Multiplier Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix Multiplication Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata to Implement Conventional Microelectronics

Wood

Tougaw

2011

IEEE Trans. Nanotechnology

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Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) shows promise as a post silicon CMOS, low power computational technology. Nevertheless, to generalize QCA for next-generation digital devices, the ability to implement conventional programmable circuits based on NOR, AND, and OR gates is necessary. To this end, we devise a new QCA structure, the QCA matrix multiplier (MM), employing the standard Coulomb blocked, five quantum dot (QD) QCA cell and quasi-adiabatic switching for sequential data latching in the QCA cells. Our structure can multiply two N x M matrices, using one input and one bidirectional input/output data line. The calculation is highly parallelizable, and it is possible to achieve reduced calculation time in exchange for increasing numbers of parallel matrix multiplier units. We show convergent, ab initio simulation results using the Intercellular Hartree Approximation for one, three, and nine matrix multiplier units. The structure can generally implement any programmable logic array (PLA) or any matrix multiplication based operation.

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Clocking and Cell Placement for QCA

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Effectiveness of Molecules for Quantum Cellular Automata as Computing Devices

Design of Efficient Full Adder in Quantum‐Dot Cellular Automata

Matrix Multiplication Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata to Implement Conventional Microelectronics

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