Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in children—2018 update

Hayashi, Tatsuya; Kitamura, Ken; Hashimoto, Sho; Hotomi, Muneki; Kojima, Hiromi; Kudo, Fumiyo; Maruyama, Yumiko; Sawada, Shoichi; Taiji, Hidenobu; Takahashi, Goro; Takahashi, Haruo; Uno, Yoshifumi; Yano, Hisakazu

doi:10.1016/j.anl.2020.05.019

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Children, less than six years from Vellore district (Tamil Nadu) presenting to the ENT outpatient with acute otitis media were included in the study. The three criteria for AOM included - a child having rapid onset (<48 h) of otalgia or fever along with signs of inflammation characterized by either purulent ear discharge or bulging/congested tympanic membrane and features of middle ear effusion (MEF) confirmed with tympanometry ( Fortanier et al., 2019 ; Lieberthal et al., 2013 ; Hayashi et al., 2020 ). Each child underwent microscopic (Zeiss OPMI Pico microscope) examination of the ear.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute otitis media (AOM) is a common inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significant morbidity in early childhood ( Ren et al., 2018 ; Monasta et al., 2012 ; DeAntonio et al., 2016 ; Fortanier et al., 2019 ). It is characterized by rapid onset (<48 h) of otalgia with or without fever along with evidence of middle ear effusion and inflammation ( Lieberthal et al., 2013 ; Hayashi et al., 2020 ). The most common bacterial otopathogens in AOM are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis ( Dunne et al., 2013 ; Lappan et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

et al. 2021

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Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significant morbidity in early childhood. A pilot study was undertaken to identify the role of various risk factors South Indian children with AOM, especially the role of nasopharyngeal otopathogens. Methodology A prospective case control pilot study was conducted in children aged below six years, presenting to a single tertiary care from 2018 to 2019. Fifty cases with AOM and 45 age and gender matched controls were recruited. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, one was processed for bacterial culture. The other swab was processed according to the CDC recommended broth enrichment method to identify carriage of S. pneumoniae. Subsequent serotyping was done by Quellung method and conventional sequential multiplex PCR. Result Otalgia was the major presentation seen in 92% of the children with AOM. None of the clinical and demographic characteristics were found to be statistically significant between the cases and controls. The most common otopathogen was S. pneumoniae (55%) followed by H. influenza (29%). The common S. pneumoniae serotypes encountered were 11A and 19F.Nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae [OR 6.57, p < 0.003] and H. influenzae [OR14.18, p < 0.003] were significant risk factors for AOM in children. The risk increased with co-colonization (OR 13.89,p < 0.003). Conclusion This study strengthens the significant association between nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens and AOM as a risk factor that is enhanced by co-colonization. S. pneumoniae was the main otopathogen in this population, serotypes 11A and 19F being the most common.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

et al. 2021

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“…Based on the course or duration of the disease, middle ear infections are divided into acute and chronic otitis media. Acute otitis media, if the occurrence is less than 3 weeks [ 18 ], while chronic otitis media, if it lasts more than 2–6 weeks [ 19 ]. If at least three episodes of acute otitis media for 6 months or 4 times in 1 year have occurred, then recurrent acute otitis media may also occur [ 20 ].…”

Section: Otitis Media and Middle Ear Secretion As A Medium For The Gr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Possibility of Middle Ear Discharge for COVID-19 Test Material

Kadriyan

Abtartu

Wardoyo

et al. 2022

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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The COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing, and new variants continue to emerge. Various examination methods and sampling specimens are continuously being developed and published. The standard for sampling is in the nasopharynx. However, in children, this is often uncomfortable and at risk of eliciting complications. Therefore, it is necessary to look for other alternative sampling sites such as fluid from the middle ear. Scientific evidence shows that the middle ear can be a place for the attachment and growth of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Currently, to the best of the author's knowledge, there have been no publications on middle ear discharge as a sample for the determination of the diagnosis of COVID-19. Based on this, the authors would like to explore the possibility of middle ear discharge for COVID-19 test material. A narrative review on the use of middle ear discharge as a potential diagnostic specimen for COVID-19 was conducted. The searches were conducted in the PubMed and ProQuest databases.

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“…National guidelines recommend systematic treatment for severe (moderate to severe otalgia and/or fever ≥39°C) or complicated cases regardless of patient age and disease laterality ( Lieberthal et al, 2013 ; Siddiq and Grainger, 2015 ). The Japanese practical guideline also recommends antimicrobial treatments with AMPC based on the severity of the disease evaluated by a scoring system ( Hayashi et al, 2020 ). However, numerous barriers will restrict efficacy of systemic antimicrobial treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Antimicrobial Treatment Strategy Based on Drug Delivery Systems for Acute Otitis Media

et al. 2021

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Despite tremendous success of pneumococcal conjugated vaccine and antimicrobial treatment by amoxicillin, acute otitis media (AOM) still remains as a great medical concern. Failure of antimicrobial treatment includes several factors. The middle ear cavity is surrounded by bone tissue, which makes it difficult to maintain sufficient concentration of antibiotics. Tympanic membrane of AOM patients thickens and actually becomes a barrier for topical therapy. This review discusses novel antimicrobial treatment strategies based on drug delivery systems (DDS) for AOM. To deliver drugs enough to kill the pathogenic bacteria without systemic side effects, the development of new antimicrobial treatment strategy applying innovative drug DDS has been expected. The sustained-release DDS can achieve sufficient time for antimicrobial concentrations to exceed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for time-dependent antibiotics as well as enough maximum concentration for dose-dependent antibiotics to eradicate causative pathogens in the middle ear. The development of trans-tympanic membranes of DDS, such as hydrogels with chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs), is another attractive strategy. Phage is a promising strategy for developing DDS-based therapies. The DDS formulations enable antimicrobial treatment of AOM by a single dose and thus, an attractive future antimicrobial treatment for AOM.

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Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in children—2018 update

Cited by 26 publications

References 156 publications

Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

Measuring the Possibility of Middle Ear Discharge for COVID-19 Test Material

Novel Antimicrobial Treatment Strategy Based on Drug Delivery Systems for Acute Otitis Media

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