Measuring the Possibility of Middle Ear Discharge for COVID-19 Test Material

Kadriyan, Hamsu; Abtartu, Lalu Hizrian Rizkika; Wardoyo, Eustachius Hagni; Andiwijaya, Fahrin Ramadan

doi:10.1155/2022/7207846

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, only two cases with otitis media with effusion have shown the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 isolated from the middle ear, while other cases were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in the nasopharynx without certain evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the middle ear [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]. Here, we report a group of outpatient cases in which the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 was tested positively in the middle ear effusion, demonstrating the previous speculation that the SARS-CoV-2 can infect the middle ear [12] [21] [22] [23].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Caused COVID-19 Related Otitis Media Is Commonly Existed with Good Prognosis

Zhou,

Zhao,

Shao

2023

JBM

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Otitis media with effusion is a common disease in otolaryngology. Bacteria are the most common pathogen of otitis media with effusion, and other factors such as viruses have also been reported. The present study is aimed to investigate whether the increasing otitis media cases recently is correlated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the COVID-19-related otitis media is commonly existed. Thirty-two patients with otitis media were enrolled Blood cell analysis, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 test bacterial and fungal cultures were tested. Nine patients were identified with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in middle ear discharge. All the subjects had the common symptoms of stuffy ear, hearing loss, and echoacousia. No positive results were found in cultures for bacterial and fungus of middle ear discharge. The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly up-regulated in positive cases (P = 0.0335). The levels of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher in positive cases. There were no significant differences of age, gender and prothrombin time (PT) between positive and negative cases. Nasal sprays, ciliary stimulants, and prophylactic antibiotics or low-dose steroid treatments were sequentially used in the otitis media patients caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. All the patients had improvements of typical symptoms within two to four weeks during the following-up. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection caused COVID-19 related otitis media is commonly existed, and the prognosis is good after treatments.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Caused COVID-19 Related Otitis Media Is Commonly Existed with Good Prognosis

Zhou,

Zhao,

Shao

2023

JBM

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“…Kadriyan proposes middle ear fluid as an alternative diagnosis for COVID-19. 8 Furthermore, Frazier et al 9 identified SARS-CoV-2 in the middle ear and mastoid of deceased individuals with COVID-19, although the duration of virus presence in MEE was not reported. Nevertheless, both studies suggest the potential existence of SARS-CoV-2 within the middle ear, potentially playing a role in the emergence of middle ear disorders subsequent to COVID-19.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otitis media with effusion in adults during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

Zhang,

Yang,

et al. 2024

Science Progress

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluctuations in the prevalence of individuals diagnosed with otitis media with effusion (OME) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, while also evaluating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in middle ear effusion (MEE) and assessing the effectiveness of tympanocentesis as a treatment modality for OME in this specific period. Methods The total number of outpatients and patients diagnosed with OME in our department was recorded for January 2022 and January 2023. Thirty patients (aged 15–86 years) were categorized into two groups: group A (n = 12), who developed OME during their SARS-CoV-2 infection and group B (n = 18), who experienced OME after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients underwent otoendoscopic tympanocentesis (without a ventilation tube), where MEE and nasopharyngeal secretions were simultaneously collected for SARS-CoV-2 detection by polymerase chain reaction. The time interval from SARS-CoV-2 infection to tympanocentesis, results of SARS-CoV-2 detection, preoperative and postoperative average hearing threshold, and Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire (ETDQ-7) scores were documented. Results The proportion of outpatients with OME in January 2023 was higher than that in January 2022. There were five patients who had positive test results for SARS-CoV-2 on MEE after tympanocentesis. These 5 patients underwent tympanocentesis at a mean of 28 ± 7.28 days following confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ETDQ-7 scores of group A exhibited a reduction from 21.85 ± 4.8 to 10.00 ± 4.07 following tympanocentesis, while the ETDQ-7 scores of group B also demonstrated a decrease from 21.22 ± 4.65 to 10.11 ± 3.68 after undergoing tympanocentesis. The tympanocentesis was effective in both groups. Conclusions The study confirmed that the proportion of outpatients with OME in the Clinics of Otolaryngology during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic increased significantly. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detectable in MEE of COVID-19-related OME patients. Tympanocentesis was therapeutic for OME during SARS-CoV-2 infection, which facilitated viral clearance in MEE.

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