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Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP) and pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO) are tonsil-related diseases. Treatment outcome of tonsillectomy and prognostic factors influencing the outcome have not been analyzed quantitatively. We evaluated those using the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI). At 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and more than 24 months post-tonsillectomy, 20 (31%), 34 (48%), 70 (60%), 57 (80%), 36 (95%) and 23 (96%) patients realized 80% or more improvement of PPP skin lesions, respectively, and eight (17%), 23 (36%), 30 (50%), 38 (79%), 12 (100%) and four (100%) patients showed 80% or more improvement of PPPASI (i.e. PPPASI% ≥ 80%), respectively. At 1, 3, 6, 12 and more than 12 months post-tonsillectomy, 19 (73%), 21 (66%), 27 (73%), 19 (79%) and 15 (83%) patients realized a disappearance of PAO-induced arthralgia, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis of 80 patients with PPP revealed that, at 12 and 24 months post-tonsillectomy, lesions disappeared (i.e. PPPASI = 0) in 38% and 66% of patients, respectively, and lesions improved by 80% or more (i.e. PPPASI% ≥ 80%) in 71% and 95% of patients, respectively. The log-rank test and univariate and multivariate analyses showed that smoking cessation post-tonsillectomy and PAO were significant predictive factors for the early disappearance of skin lesions. This report is the first demonstrating objective evidence of the great efficacy of tonsillectomy to improve PPP skin lesions. Even post-tonsillectomy, smoking inhibited the early disappearance of the lesions.

[1] This study investigated the detailed geomagnetic field variation between 2.1 and 2.75 Ma from a sediment core (IODP Site U1314) with high sedimentation rate (≥10 cm/kyr) and good age control. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions were well resolved by stepwise alternating field demagnetization. As a proxy of relative paleointensity, natural remanent magnetization (NRM) normalized by anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) was used after testing that the influence of magnetic interaction in ARM is negligible. As a result, the following features of the geomagnetic field in the studied period have been revealed. During the transition of the Gauss-Matuyama (G-M) reversal and the Réunion Subchron, the paleointensity decreased to the value lower than 20% of the average intensity in the whole studied interval. In addition to these lows, eight paleointensity lows were found associated with large directional changes that satisfy the definition of a geomagnetic excursion. Four of these have ages close to ages reported for geomagnetic excursions in prior studies, whereas the other four excursions have not previously been observed. In our results, we confirm that the G-M transition occurred in marine isotope stage 103 even if we consider the shift in depth due to the lock-in process Copyright 2012 by the American Geophysical Union 1 of 16 of magnetic particles. The temporal variation in paleointensity showed asymmetric behavior associated with the G-M transition, with a gradual decrease prior to the transition and a rapid recovery after the transition.

Abstract. B7-H3 is a member of the B7 family thought to be a co-regulatory factor of antigen-specific T-cell immune response via co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. We evaluated its potential expression in head and squamous cell carcinoma (Scc) cell lines, and in clinical tissue samples obtained from 37 patients with human hypopharyngeal Scc. all head and neck Scc cell lines tested expressed both the B7-H3 gene and cell surface protein. the staining intensity of immunoreactivity by tumor cells was blindly evaluated by two head and neck surgeons and the results were categorized into 4 grades according to staining intensity. eighty-seven percent of patients expressed B7-H3. B7-H3 expression was inversely correlated with the number of tumor infiltrating CD8 + t-cells (r=-0.4339, p=0.023). Patients who developed distant metastasis after tumor-free periods showed significantly higher B7-H3 expression scores compared to patients who did not develop distant metastasis during follow-up periods (p=0.048). Distant metastasis control ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.040). causespecific survival ratio in patients with strong B7-H3 expression was significantly lower compared to that in patients with no to intermediate B7-H3 expression (p=0.028). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that strong B7-H3 expression was an independent prognostic factor in tumor-specific death in hypopharyngeal SCC (hazard ratio: 9.803, confidence interval: 0.018-0.539, p=0.0110). IntroductionHypopharyngeal Scc is one of the most aggressive head and neck tumor. Hypopharyngeal Scc tend to present with advanced primary disease, and nodal metastasis is highly likely. the most important features determining prognosis are the size and extent of local spread of the primary carcinoma and the extent of involvement of regional lymph nodes. Distant metastasis at presentation is more common in hypopharyngeal cancers than in other head and neck cancers (1). approximately 80% of hypopharyngeal cancer is stage iii or iV at presentation, with locally advanced disease present in the majority, and it has been estimated that 20% are inoperable at the time of diagnosis (2-4). owing to its extremely high malignant potential, it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and often recurs even after curative therapies. Despite recent improvements in diagnostic imaging, radiation and chemotherapy, and improved surgical techniques, there has not been significant impact on the survival of patients with hypopharyngeal SCC (1). Therefore, strenuous efforts to find novel cancer-related molecules for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic procedure will be required to predict and improve prognosis of the patients with hypopharyngeal Scc.one mechanism that has been reported for tumor-associated immune suppression in certain cancers is the aberrant expression of inhibitory t-cell co-regulatory molecules by tumor cells (5-15). Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL...