Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers

Binshabaib, Munerah; ALHarthi, Shatha Subhi; Akram, Zohaib; Khan, Junad; Rahman, Irfan; Romanos, Georgios E.; Javed, Fawad

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.001

Cited by 75 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…[1][2][3] However, laboratory-based investigations, such as evaluation of biomarkers in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), may also yield pertinent information in this regard. [1][2][3] However, laboratory-based investigations, such as evaluation of biomarkers in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), may also yield pertinent information in this regard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Electronic cigarettes are ENDS in which a battery is connected to a tank that contains a fluid (e-liquid) that is usually flavored and contains nicotine. 3,14 In this regard, use of ENDS is not a safe alternate to tobacco smoking. Studies 12,13 have shown that periimplant probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and CBL are significantly high in waterpipe smokers compared with nonsmokers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bleeding on probing, cigarette smoking, cotinine, dental implant, inflammation, probing depth 1 | INTRODUCTION Clinical and radiographic examinations are usually performed for the assessment of peri-implant diseases in individuals using nicotinic products such as cigarettes, waterpipe (synonym narghile, hookah, shisha, and hubble-bubble), and/or electronic nicotine delivery devices (ENDS) or electronic cigarettes. [1][2][3] However, laboratory-based investigations, such as evaluation of biomarkers in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF), may also yield pertinent information in this regard. 4,5 According to Foat et al, 5 PISF expresses biomarkers including interleukin (IL)-1 beta (β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) that may provide supplementary information regarding the diagnosis and prognosis of peri-implant diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Cotinine is a nicotinic metabolite that has been detected in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for up to 1-week after use of nicotinic products [6][7][8][9][10] and has a plasma half-life of 19 to 24 hours. Studies [1][2][3] have shown that peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and crestal bone loss (CBL) are higher in cigarette and waterpipe smokers compared with nonsmokers. It is therefore likely that levels of cotinine are also significantly higher in the PISF of tobacco smokers compared with individuals not using any form of nicotine-containing product.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Although the long-term effects of vaping on health are unknown, there is mounting evidence in indexed literature that individuals using electronic cigarettes are also susceptible to periodontal and peri-implant diseases. 3,14 In this regard, use of ENDS is not a safe alternate to tobacco smoking.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers

Alqahtani

Albaqawi‬

et al. 2019

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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Background: Assessment of cotinine levels in the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) may serve as a valuable biomarker of peri-implant diseases in nicotine-product users.Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare cotinine levels in the PISF among cigarette smokers, waterpipe users, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers.Materials and Methods: Cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, electronic-cigarette users, and nonsmokers were included. A questionnaire was used to collect information about age, gender, duration of smoking and vaping, family history of smoking, duration of smoking/vaping, and daily frequency of smoking/vaping. Implant-related data including implant dimensions and duration of implants in function were also recorded. In all groups, peri-implant probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), and plaque index (PI) were assessed. Using standard techniques, PISF was collected and levels of cotinine in the PISF were measured. Sample-size estimation was performed, and statistical comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. P values below .05 were categorized as statistically significant.Results: One hundred two male individuals (35 cigarette smokers, 33 waterpipe smokers, 34 electronic-cigarette users, and 35 nonsmokers) were included. Scores of peri-implant PI (P < .05) and PD (P < .05) were significantly higher among cigarette smokers, waterpipe smokers, and electronic-cigarette users compared with nonsmokers.Peri-implant BoP was more often manifested in nonsmokers compared with cigarette smokers (P < .05), waterpipe smokers (P < .05), and electronic-cigarette users (P < .05).The volume of collected PISF was significantly higher among cigarette (P < .05) and

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers

Alqahtani

Albaqawi‬

et al. 2019

Clin Implant Dent Rel Res

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The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review

Figueredo

Abdelhay

Figueredo

et al. 2020

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Background and objective While tobacco cigarette smoking has been proven to be a risk factor for periodontitis, limited information is available regarding vaping, a new alternative to smoking that has been branded as less harmful. Several important in vitro studies have shown that vaping has a similarly damaging effect as cigarette smoking on the health of the periodontium. However, a comprehensive review is lacking in this field. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature about the impact of vaping on periodontitis. Methods The research question was created using the PICOs format. A systematic search of the following electronic databases was performed up to March 2020: Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and grey literature. Human studies that assessed periodontal status (plaque index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, marginal bone loss, and probing depth) in e‐cigarette users compared to non‐smokers (control group) were assessed based on an estimate of fixed effects. The weights of the studies were calculated based on their risks of bias. Results After duplicates were removed, 1,659 studies were screened and 8 case–control studies that investigated the relationship between vaping and periodontal parameters in humans were selected after their risk of bias assessment. Estimated effects of vaping after weighting results based on their standard deviation showed increased plaque, marginal bone loss, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, and reduced bleeding on probing. Conclusion This study concluded that there is not enough evidence to fully characterize the impacts of vaping on periodontitis. However, within the limitations of our review and the selected included studies, the available results point to increased destruction of the periodontium leading to the development of the disease.

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Clinicoradiographic markers of peri‐implantitis in cigarette‐smokers and never‐smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 7‐years follow‐up

Alqahtani

Alqhtani

Alkhtani

et al. 2020

Journal of Periodontology

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Background It is hypothesized that in the long‐term, (a) peri‐implant inflammatory variables (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth (PD) and crestal bone loss [CBL]) are worse in cigarette‐smokers (CS) and patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than never‐smokers (NS) without T2DM. The aim of the present 7‐year follow‐up clinical observational study was to assess the survival of dental implant in CS and NS with T2DM. Methods Study participants were divided into four groups based on glycemic status and self‐reported cigarette‐smoking habit: a) CS with T2DM; b) CS without T2DM; c) NS with T2DM; and d) NS without T2DM. Demographic information was collected using a questionnaire and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were measured. Peri‐implant PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were measured. Sample‐size was estimated was statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance. P <0.01 was considered significant. Results In total, 101 male patients were included. There was no significant contrast in age among the groups. Every partaker in the study groups had one dental implant placed in posterior maxilla or mandible. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among CS (P <0.01) and NS (P <0.01) with T2DM than individuals without T2DM. Peri‐implant PI (P <0.01), PD (P <0.01), and CBL (P <0.01) were significantly higher among CS and NS with T2DM and CS without T2DM than NS without T2DM. Peri‐implant BOP was significantly higher among CS and NS with T2DM than CS and NS without T2DM (P <0.01). Conclusions Peri‐implant inflammatory variables were worse among CS and NS with T2DM than NS without T2DM. A state of chronic hyperglycemia seems to be a stronger mediator of inflammation than cigarette smoking in patients with T2DM.

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Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers

Cited by 75 publications

References 43 publications

Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers

Comparison of cotinine levels in the peri‐implant sulcular fluid among cigarette and waterpipe smokers, electronic‐cigarette users, and nonsmokers

The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review

Clinicoradiographic markers of peri‐implantitis in cigarette‐smokers and never‐smokers with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 7‐years follow‐up

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