The impact of vaping on periodontitis: A systematic review

Abstract

Background and objective While tobacco cigarette smoking has been proven to be a risk factor for periodontitis, limited information is available regarding vaping, a new alternative to smoking that has been branded as less harmful. Several important in vitro studies have shown that vaping has a similarly damaging effect as cigarette smoking on the health of the periodontium. However, a comprehensive review is lacking in this field. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the literature about the impact of vaping on periodontitis. Methods The research question was created using the PICOs format. A systematic search of the following electronic databases was performed up to March 2020: Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and grey literature. Human studies that assessed periodontal status (plaque index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, marginal bone loss, and probing depth) in e‐cigarette users compared to non‐smokers (control group) were assessed based on an estimate of fixed effects. The weights of the studies were calculated based on their risks of bias. Results After duplicates were removed, 1,659 studies were screened and 8 case–control studies that investigated the relationship between vaping and periodontal parameters in humans were selected after their risk of bias assessment. Estimated effects of vaping after weighting results based on their standard deviation showed increased plaque, marginal bone loss, clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, and reduced bleeding on probing. Conclusion This study concluded that there is not enough evidence to fully characterize the impacts of vaping on periodontitis. However, within the limitations of our review and the selected included studies, the available results point to increased destruction of the periodontium leading to the development of the disease.

Comparative Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol on Periodontium of Periodontitis Patients

“…Overall, the percentage of severe periodontal disease was much higher in the e-cigarette group than among the non-smokers. Other studies have reported similar findings that e-cigarette users had higher chances of developing periodontal disease [24,25]. We reported previously that there was a microbiome shift in e-cigarette users' oral cavity and an increase of the levels of periodontal inflammatory indicators making them more likely to get periodontal infection compared to non-smokers [20].…”

“…Studies have shown that clinical parameters of periodontitis are poorer in cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers [23]. Few self-reported studies have shown that people using e-cigarettes have bad periodontal health [24][25][26]. Most of the studies are crosssectional and they did not provide enough information how e-cigarette aerosol alters periodontal health during the course of time.…”

The role of cigarette smoking in periodontal disease and treatment outcomes of dental implant therapy

“…Although there is not enough evidence to evaluate the vaping effects of e-cigarettes on periodontal health, as it is a relatively new activity, the existing data indicate negative effects of vaping on periodontal clinical indices and marginal bone loss. 71…”

Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health Status in Traditional vs. Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco and Electronic Cigarettes Smokers: A Systematic Review

“…Moreover, Moreover, Rahlo et al and Yang et al concluded that although electronic cigarette users may somehow be considered healthier than conventional cigarette smokers, they are still predisposed to the development of oral mucosal lesions and to dental and periodontal damage compared to non-smokers [ 22 ]. Figueredo et al, based on limited data available, reported that e-cigarettes have an unhealthy effect on periodontal health [ 23 ]. Similarly, Jeong et al, evaluating periodontal health status in 13,551 conventional and E-Cig smokers, concluded that electronic cigarette vaping and conventional cigarette smoking were both risk factors for periodontal diseases [ 24 ].…”