Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Frade, Maria Talita Soares; Maia, Lisanka Ângelo; Andrade, Rachel Livingstone Felizola Soares de; Alves, Rodrigo Cruz; Yamasaki, Elise M.; Mota, Rinaldo Aparecido; Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros

doi:10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n6sup2p4251

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…gondii and anti- E . canis antibodies in the serum of more than half of the dogs with inflammatory alterations suggests that these parasites also contributed to these alterations since they can cause inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS similar to those observed in this study [27, 28]. The higher intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate in dogs seropositive for E .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

et al. 2017

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Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and little is known about the occurrence and pathogenesis of this parasite in the CNS. The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence, viability and load of L. infantum in the CNS, and to identify the neurological histological alterations associated with this protozoan and its co-infections in naturally infected dogs. Forty-eight Leishmania-seropositive dogs from which L. infantum was isolated after necropsy were examined. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed by parasitological culture, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the rapid immunochromatographic Dual Path Platform test. Brain, spinal cord and spleen samples were submitted to parasitological culture, qPCR, and histological techniques. Additionally, anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies in serum and distemper virus antigens in CSF were investigated. None of the dogs showed neurological signs. All dogs tested positive for L. infantum in the CNS. Viable forms of L. infantum were isolated from CSF, brain and spinal cord in 25% of the dogs. Anti-L. infantum antibodies were detected in CSF in 61% of 36 dogs. Inflammatory histological alterations were observed in the CNS of 31% of the animals; of these, 66% were seropositive for E. canis and/or T. gondii. Amastigote forms were associated with granulomatous non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in a dog without evidence of co-infections. The highest frequency of L. infantum DNA was observed in the brain (98%), followed by the spinal cord (96%), spleen (95%), and CSF (50%). The highest L. infantum load in CNS was found in the spinal cord. These results demonstrate that L. infantum can cross the blood-brain barrier, spread through CSF, and cause active infection in the entire CNS of dogs. Additionally, L. infantum can cause inflammation in the CNS that can lead to neurological signs with progression of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…gondii and anti- E . canis antibodies in serum and for distemper virus antigens in CSF because these pathogens can also infect and cause lesions in the CNS of dogs [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

et al. 2017

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“…O diagnóstico de toxoplasmose sistêmica foi estabelecido com base nos achados anatomopatológicos e características histomorfológicas do agente, sendo confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A imunossupressão é considerada um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento de toxoplasmose, tendo sido descrita infecção oportunista em seres humanos com a síndrome da imunodeficiência humana (AIDS) [19], cães com cinomose [12,15] e gatos com peritonite infecciosa felina, leucemia felina e imunodeficiência felina [8,13].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…No Brasil, a infecção por T. gondii tem sido diagnosticada causando encefalite em equinos [6], aborto em cabras [4] e morte em primatas [10], gatos [14,18] e filhotes de cães [11]. No Sertão da Paraíba, a doença tem sido reportada de forma esporádica acometendo cães com cinomose [12] e suínos [17], contudo casos de toxoplasmose sistêmica em gatos ainda não foram descritos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de dois casos de toxoplasmose sistêmica em filhotes de gatos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Systemic Toxoplasmosis in Kittens

Lima

Souto

Alves

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease that affects virtually all species of warm-blooded animals. The felids, domestic and wild, are considered the definitive hosts of the protozoan. In Brazil, Toxoplasma gondii infection has been diagnosed in horses, goats, primates, dogs and cats. In the backlands of Paraíba, the disease has been sporadically reported affecting dogs with canine distemper and swine, but cases of systemic toxoplasmosis in cats have not yet been described. The aim of the present study was to describe the main epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of two cases of systemic toxoplasmosis in kittens. Cases: Two kittens were affected with three (cat 1) and six (cat 2) months old, females, and crossbreed. The kittens had not been vaccinated or dewormed, and were raised with other cats in a peridomiciliary regime in a rural area in the backlands of Paraíba. Cat 1 was thin, apathetic, dehydrated, tachypneic and with pale mucous membranes. Cat 2, showed inappetence, apathy, jaundice, fever, dehydration, dyspnea and abdominal breathing pattern. At necropsy, non-collapsed, shiny, reddish lungs with multifocal whitish areas, punctuated or nodular, measuring from 0.1 to 0.3 cm in diameter, were found on the pleural surface and parenchyma. The livers were pale, with lobular pattern accentuation, and reddish depressed multifocal areas randomly distributed on the capsular surface. Histologically, multifocal to coalescent areas of necrosis, moderate (cat 1) or marked (cat 2), associated with intralesional bradyzoites and tachyzoites and variable lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate were observed. In cat 2, numerous bradyzoites were visualized in the gray matter of the left cerebral hemisphere (temporal and parietal lobes), sometimes associated with a moderate lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. In the perivascular spaces of the cerebral cortex, discrete inflammatory lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate (perivascular cuffs) were observed. Immunohistochemistry for T. gondii revealed strong immunolabelling of the parasitic organisms. Discussion: The diagnosis of systemic toxoplasmosis was established based on anatomopathological findings and histomorphological characteristics of the agent, being confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The systemic disease occurs most often in young animals, especially immunocompromised or immunologically immature neonates. In these kittens, it was not possible to determine the presence of an intercurrent immunosuppressive condition; however, both animals were kept in the peridomiciliary regime and were in contact with other cats, which may have acted as a source of infection. Besides, both kittens were raised in rural environments, condition that associated with the usual predatory behavior of this species may have favored the ingestion of infected intermediate hosts. The clinical signs of the disease vary considerably depending on the location and severity of the lesions. Infection in cats usually is asymptomatic or promotes self-limiting diarrhea as a result of pro...

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“…e Toxoplasma gondii, devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial. Entretanto esses agentes são visualizados pela hematoxilina e eosina e apresentam características morfológicas específicas (Frade et al 2015a(Frade et al , 2015b.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Características epidemiológicas, clínico-patológicas e morfotintoriais de quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães

et al. 2018

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RESUMO: Este artigo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, patológicos e características morfotintoriais em quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães. Para isso foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo durante o período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2015 e selecionados os casos sugestivos de nocardiose. A identificação e caracterização do agente foi realizada através de técnicas histoquímicas especiais de Metenamina nitrato de prata de Grocott (GMS), Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e Giemsa. Foram afetados predominantemente filhotes e em doze casos havia associação com o vírus da cinomose canina (VCC). Os sinais clínicos variaram de alterações respiratórias, neurológicas e cutâneas, relacionadas principalmente à infecção concomitante pelo VCC. Macroscopicamente haviam áreas multifocais a coalescentes, branco-amareladas, firmes, elevadas na superfície e que se aprofundavam ao corte, por vezes com material purulento, entremeadas por áreas avermelhadas irregulares afetando principalmente pulmões, linfonodos, fígado, rins e encéfalo. As lesões cutâneas foram observadas predominantemente nas regiões cervical e inguinal e variaram de supurativas a piogranulomatosas. No exame histopatológico a lesão era caracterizada principalmente por inflamação piogranulomatosa, porém em algumas áreas havia predomínio de inflamação necrossupurativa, e frequentemente eram observados macrófagos epitelioides, formando aglomerados de forma radiada, muitas vezes lembrando pseudorosetas. Nas técnicas histoquímicas foram observadas estruturas filamentosas, ramificadas, não septadas, medindo aproximadamente 1µm de espessura, impregnadas na coloração de prata, coradas em vermelho no Ziehl-Neelsen modificado, em azul na coloração de Gram do tipo Brown-Brenn modificado e fracamente rósea pálido no Giemsa. A nocardiose deve ser considerada em animais jovens que apresentam sinais respiratórios e neurológicos progressivos, bem como em lesões cutâneas com envolvimento do subcutâneo e linfonodos regionais. Deve ser investigado ainda um provável fator predisponente, como a infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina e hemoparasitoses. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido através do exame histopatológico baseando-se na morfologia da bactéria e suas características histoquímicas, distinguindo principalmente de outros agentes bacterianos e fúngicos, constituindo uma importante ferramenta para o diagnóstico, quando não é possível a coleta do material para cultivo e isolamento do agente.

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Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

Occurrence of Leishmania infantum in the central nervous system of naturally infected dogs: Parasite load, viability, co-infections and histological alterations

Systemic Toxoplasmosis in Kittens

Características epidemiológicas, clínico-patológicas e morfotintoriais de quatorze casos de nocardiose em cães

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