Clinical haematology and biochemistry profiles of cattle naturally infected with <i>Theileria orientalis</i> Ikeda type in New Zealand

Lawrence, K.E.; Forsyth, S F; Vaatstra, B L; McFadden, Andrew; Pulford, David; Govindaraju, K.; Pomroy, W.E.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1391142

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Eleven genotypes (types 1-8 and N1-N3) of T. orientalis complex parasites have been identified based on the sequence variations in the MPSP gene, which is conserved in T. orientalis complex piroplasms and is expressed during the intraerythrocytic stage of the protozoa [ 1 ]. Two ( chitose type I and ikeda type 2) of the 11 genotypes of T. orientalis have been demonstrated to be pathogenic [ 15 , 24 , 42 , 43 , 65 ] and associated with severe haematological alterations, production losses, high morbidity and mortality in affected cattle [ 42 , 65 , 66 ]. The MPSP genotype 3 is known as the T. buffeli, while genotype 6 was reclassified with the taxonomic name T. sinensis to reflect its divergence from other benign Theileria species [ 39 , 60 ].…”

Section: Bovine Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review

et al. 2020

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Theileriosis is a blood piroplasmic disease that adversely affects the livestock industry, especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is caused by haemoprotozoan of the Theileria genus, transmitted by hard ticks and which possesses a complex life cycle. The clinical course of the disease ranges from benign to lethal, but subclinical infections can occur depending on the infecting Theileria species. The main clinical and clinicopathological manifestations of acute disease include fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia and severe loss of condition, conjunctivitis, and pale mucous membranes that are associated with Theileria-induced immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and/or non-regenerative anaemia. Additionally, jaundice, increases in hepatic enzymes, and variable leukocyte count changes are seen. Theileria annulata and Theileria parva induce an incomplete transformation of lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, and these cells possess certain phenotypes of cancer cells. Pathogenic genotypes of Theileria orientalis have been recently associated with severe production losses in Southeast Asia and some parts of Europe. The infection and treatment method (ITM) is currently used in the control and prevention of T. parva infection, and recombinant vaccines are still under evaluation. The use of gene gun immunization against T. parva infection has been recently evaluated. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the clinicopathological and immunopathological profiles of Theileria-infected cattle and focus on DNA vaccines consisting of plasmid DNA with genes of interest, molecular adjuvants, and chitosan as the most promising next-generation vaccine against bovine theileriosis.

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Section: Bovine Theileriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…The high value of hemoglobin is thought to be related to the high number of erythrocytes in Aceh cattle. Lawrence et al (2017) and Sonjaya (2013) state that an increase in hemoglobin was correlated with an increase in the number of erythrocytes. Increased hemoglobin concentrations occur in response to the body's adaptation to high oxygen demand (Gravena et al, 2010).…”

Section: Advances In Animal and Veterinary Sciences January 2020 | Vomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have examined the hematological profile of several cattle breeds, including beef cattle and dairy cattle and its relation with age, sex, race, feed, infection, reproductive status, and environmental maintenance (Mohri et al, 2006;Rafia et al, 2012;Sripad et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2016;Syam et al, 2016;Lawrence et al, 2017;Moretti et al, 2017;Suprayogi et al, 2017). These studies are essential to understand the condition of livestock through the hematological profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematological Profile of Aceh Cattle

Hamny¹,

Satyaningtijas²,

Sumantri³

et al. 2020

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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The study aimed to analyze the hematology profile, differential leukocytes, and the N/L ratio of Aceh cattle. The obtained result were compared to the data available for zebu (Bos indicus), Ongole grade (Bos indicus), and Bali cattles (Bos javanicus). The data would be important as a physiological reference of this cattle species. Blood samples were obtained from 17 adult male Aceh cattle which were slaughtered at slaughterhouses in Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District. The animals showed a healthy condition with an average body weight of 312.42 ± 66.91 kg. Blood was collected into the tube containing EDTA after the cattle were slaughtered. Blood analysis was done using hematology analyzer and staining the peripheral blood morphology. Data were expressed in the average and 95% confidence interval for further descriptive analysis. The average number of erythrocytes (x10 6 μl-1) of Aceh cattle reached 8.34 (95% confidence interval (CI); 7.32-9.36). The average number of leukocytes (x10 3 μl-1) 13.

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“…A similar, sudden emergence of the T. orientalis Ikeda genotype occurred in New Zealand beginning in 2012 [20], with periparturient and lactating dairy cows and young calves exhibiting the highest morbidity and mortality [20]. T. orientalis Ikeda is now the most important cause of anemia in New Zealand cattle [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Moderate to severe infections are characterized by erythrocyte destruction, leading to anemia and hypoxia. Severely affected animals often exhibit pyrexia, weakness, pallor, and increased heart and respiratory rates [7,8]. Abortion is a common sequela to T. orientalis Ikeda infection, although transplacental transmission of the parasite from cows to calves is only observed in 10% of cases [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A U.S. Isolate of Theileria Orientalis, Ikeda Genotype, is Transmitted to Cattle by the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis Longicornis

Dinkel

Herndon

Noh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUNDTheileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T. orientalis is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death in less than 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia-Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle, T. orientalis Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017, T. orientalis Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant H. longicornis ticks were identified on cattle in the T. orientalis-affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for T. orientalis Ikeda. A strain of T. orientalis from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by H. longicornis; however, H. longicornis is the primary tick vector of T. orientalis Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive H. longicornis ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of T. orientalis Ikeda. METHODSNymphal H. longicornis ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for T. orientalis Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for T. orientalis Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR.RESULTSAfter acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for T. orientalis Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted T. orientalis Ikeda to 3/3 naïve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4-0.9%.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate that U.S. H. longicornis ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.

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Clinical haematology and biochemistry profiles of cattle naturally infected with Theileria orientalis Ikeda type in New Zealand

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review

Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review

Hematological Profile of Aceh Cattle

A U.S. Isolate of Theileria Orientalis, Ikeda Genotype, is Transmitted to Cattle by the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis Longicornis

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