Clinical Forms of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Naturally Leishmania infantum–Infected Dogs and Related Myelogram and Hemogram Changes

Nicolato, Roney de Carvalho; Abreu, Raquel Trópia de; Roatt, Bruno Mendes; Aguiar-Soares, Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira; Reis, Levi Eduardo Soares; Carvalho, Maria das Graças; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Giunchetti, Rodolfo Cordeiro; Bouillet, Leoneide Érica Maduro; Silveira-Lemos, Denise da; Coura‐Vital, Wendel; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082947

Cited by 51 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…NNNA and erythroid hypoplasia with an increase in EMI was associated to small numbers of L. infantum parasites in BM samples, in contrast to a previous report in which non-regenerative anemia had been associated with large parasite numbers in the BM [9]. A nonregenerative anemia was also observed in dogs infected by A. platys and H. canis (group Ap and Hc, respectively) and was associated with an increased EMI, in spite of a reduced or even absent proliferation of erythroid precursors (i.e.…”

Section: (12)contrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of vectorborne pathogens in the BM may induce substantial alterations in erythrocyte, granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte and thrombocyte numbers and/or function. Despite the high prevalence of CVBDs [6], only a few studies have investigated BM alterations in dogs infected solely by L. infantum [8][9][10] or by Ehrlichia canis [11]. In these studies, BM alterations associated with infections by L. infantum included emperipolesis, megakaryocytes dysplasia and BM aplasia, whereas myelosuppression was induced by E. canis infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Tommasi

Otranto

Furlanello

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Bone marrow (BM) is a major hematopoietic organ that can harbour a variety of vector-borne pathogens; however, knowledge of BM pathological changes in dogs infected with vector-borne pathogens is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the pathological changes in canine BM associated with natural infections by four vector-borne pathogens, as well as to determine the relationships between such changes and abnormalities of the peripheral blood.

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Section: (12)contrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Tommasi

Otranto

Furlanello

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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“…It has been reported that anemia is one of the most common findings in CanL, affecting about 60% of infected animals, and in some situations, it is characterized as severe in symptomatic dogs [15]. The erythrocyte changes observed in dogs with leishmaniasis (Group B) suggest a possible correlation between anemia and the appearance of clinical signs, which in many cases is not seen [30]. Erythrocytes contains large amounts of SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes, thus, changes in these cells will reflect on the activity of these enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…CanL is a systemic disease that could affect different organs and tissues, promoting clinical-pathological changes, which characterize different clinical presentations [30]. These clinical features depend on the immune response of the dog and the participation of the immune system at Leishmania control is critical for progression or resolution of the disease [9,14,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Lopes-Neto

Santos

Lima

et al. 2016

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is caused by an obligatory intracellular parasite of Leishmania genus that affects organs and tissues. Several studies evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The overproduction of ROS on infectious diseases can induce an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at cellular or systemic level. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of antioxidant enzymes in CanL.Materials, Methods & Results: Females (n = 17) and males (n = 10), at different ages and with different weight, were selected for this study. Dogs were divided into two groups according classical clinical signs and sorological test to CanL. Animals were considered infected based on indirect immunofluorescent assay and ELISA titration ≥ 1:40. Group B (n = 15) composed by positive dogs to CanL from Zoonosis Control Center of Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil) and group A (n = 12) was composed by dogs from private kennel that were serologically negative to L. infantum and had absence of clinical signs to CanL. Blood sample were collected for evaluation of hematological and biochemical parameters and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activity. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient (P < 0.05). Total proteins (TP, mg/dL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, U/L) were increased (P < 0.05) on group B (8.2 ± 1.2; 165.4 ± 46.4) when compared to group A (6.5 ± 1.1; 109.1 ± 38.3), respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb; g/dL) and hematocrit (Hct; %) were decreased (P < 0.05) on Group B (14.7 ± 1.8; 48.2 ± 5.7) when compared to group A (16.5 ± 1.3; 52.1 ± 2.4), respectively. Group B presented CAT (U/g Hb) and GPx (mU/mg Hb) lower (189.4 ± 90.4; 3,609.6 ± 1,569.1) than group A (326.6 ± 104.5; 5,055.6 ±1,569.1), respectively (P < 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between RBC and CAT; however, it was not significant.Discussion: Organisms require a good defense system in order to revert the overproduction of free radicals and consequently the injuries caused by them. This is possible through the production of antioxidant agents, which act on oxidative prevention and on tissue and cellular regeneration, by taking the reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes in the frontline. Erythrocyte changes promoted by CanL suggest possible correlation between anemia and the appearance of clinical signs, which in many cases is not seen. Erythrocytes contain SOD, CAT and GPx enzymes, thus, changes in these cells will reflect on the activity of these enzymes. In our results only CAT showed positive correlation with erythrocyte count, however it was not significant. GPx activity was lower (P < 0.001) in infected dogs than control group. This result agrees with another study, which showed a decrease in GPx levels in CanL, although it was not significant. However, it was found a positive correlation (P < 0.001) between erythrocytes and GPx activity and between hemoglobin and GPx activity in animals with leishmaniasis. These results suggest that the reduction in detoxification activity can be related to the decrease in erythrocyte count and that the GPx activity depends on the control mechanism of the antioxidant system in CanL. Furthermore, this result could be associated with decrease of blood cell count in animals with CanL, once GPx is an erythrocyte enzyme, which plays an important role in hemoglobin protection against oxidative damage. This study was carried out in naturally infected dogs with L. infantum. In conclusion, CAT and GPx activities are relate to oxidative stress induced by L. infantum infection and can be used as biomarkers on CanL.

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“…Estes dados sugerem que o parasita tem algum papel sobre a ação dos neutrófilos, semelhante ao que ocorre nos macrófagos onde a presença da leishmânia os protege da morte por apoptose. (Moore;Matlashewski, 1994;Nicolato, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Dinâmica das alterações do baço associadas ao estado clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral

Freire

Campos

Cavalcante

et al. 2014

RBCV

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ResumoForam avaliadas as alterações esplênicas de cães com leishmaniose visceral, sintomáticos e assintomáticos, em relação ao número de sinais clínicos observados nestes animais. Cães sintomáticos foram divididos em cinco grupos de acordo com o número de sinais clínicos presentes. Nos grupos com três ou mais sinais, houve hipertrofia e hiperplasia dos cordões esplênicos e depleção de células linfóides da bainha periarteriolar. No grupo de cães com apenas um sinal clínico houve depleção de folículos da polpa branca. Hiperplasia dos folículos foi observada em intensidade maior no grupo de cães mostrando mais de cinco sinais clínicos. Granulomas estavam presentes em maior intensidade no grupo de cães exibindo cinco sinais. Granulações eosinofílicas no citoplasma de células plasmáticas (corpúsculos de Russell) foram significativamente maiores no grupo de cães com cinco sinais clínicos em comparação com aqueles com apenas um, dois, três e quatro sinais clínicos e cães assintomáticos. Os resultados mostram que o baço apresenta profundas alterações morfológicas que podem influenciar a evolução da infecção.Palavras-chave: Sistema fagocítico mononuclear, cão, Leishmania (L.) infantum sinais clínicos. AbstractAlterations in the spleen of dogs with symptomatic and asymptomatic leishmaniasis have been evaluated with respect to the number of clinical signs observed in such animals. Symptomatic dogs were divided into five groups according to the number of clinical signs presented. In groups with three or more signs, there was hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the splenic cords and depletion of periarteriolar lymphatic sheath cells. In the group of dog with only one clinical sign,a there was follicle depletion in the white pulp. Follicle hyperplasia was higher in the canine group showing more than five clinical signs. Granulomas were present in a greater quantity in the canine group exhibiting five signs. Eosinophil granulations in the cytoplasm of plasma cells (Russell bodies) were significantly greater in the canine group with five clinical manifestations compared to those with only one, two, three and four manifestations and to asymptomatic dogs. The results show that the spleen undergoes profound morphologic changes that can influence the outcome of infection.Keywords: mononuclear phagocystic system , dog, Leishmania (L.) infantum,clinical signs. IntroduçãoA leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose causada pela Leishmania (L.) infantum (Mauricio et al., 1999;Shaw, 2007). Nas Américas é transmitida pela picada da fêmea de Lutzomyia longipalpis (Monteiro et al., 2005) e afeta principalmente órgãos do sistema mononuclear fagocitário (Rey, 2008).O cão tem papel importante no ciclo infeccioso da LV por apresentar parasitismo cutâneo intenso, facilitando a infecção do vetor (Lainson;Shaw, 1987;Molina, 1994). É considerado um bom modelo de estudo da progressão da LV, pois as alterações são semelhantes às observadas em humanos infectados.As lesões histopatológicas clássicas da leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) são observadas princi...

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Clinical Forms of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Naturally Leishmania infantum–Infected Dogs and Related Myelogram and Hemogram Changes

Cited by 51 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Evaluation of blood and bone marrow in selected canine vector-borne diseases

Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Dinâmica das alterações do baço associadas ao estado clínico de cães com leishmaniose visceral

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